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題名 | 經濟學012?--經濟分析的智慧結晶=Economics 012? -- The Quintessential Wisdom of Economic Analysis |
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作者 | 熊秉元; Hsiung, Bingyuan; |
期刊 | 經社法制論叢 |
出版日期 | 20060100 |
卷期 | 37 民95.01 |
頁次 | 頁187-219 |
分類號 | 550.1 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 基準點; 理性; 自利; 經濟學世界觀; Benchmark; Rationality; Self-interest; Worldview of economics; |
中文摘要 | 這篇論文希望透過四個簡單的「定理」,勾勒出經濟分析的智慧結晶。這四個結晶,一方面必須符合經濟分析的主流,契合絕大多數經濟學者眾議僉同的部分;另一方面,這四個定理,必須能呼應一般人的生活經驗;也就是,除了經濟學者、經濟系的學生之外,一般社會大眾也能由這四個定理中,體會到經濟分析的精髓,並且能在生活和工作裡運用。 具體而言,這四個定理是:第一,○>0;這表示「人是理性、自利的」,這也是經濟分析的起點。第二,1+1<2,表示「存在不一定合理,存在一定有原因」;對於不合理、奇怪的社會現象,毋需作價值判斷,而可以先試著找出這種現象存在的原因。第三,1+1>2,表示「好價值的出現,是有條件的」;要有好的、理想的狀態出現,必須有對應的支持條件。分析社會現象時,可以試著辨認出主要的支持條件。第四,0~0,表示「一件事物的意義,是由其他事物襯托而出」。任何人事物的意義,都是由其他相關的、類似的人事物所烘托而出。而且,對於目前的作法,可以試著琢磨出更好的替代方案。 |
英文摘要 | Economists generally agree that economic analysis constitutes a unique worldview, but there seems to be no consensus about the worldview itself. This paper attempts to outline a possible configuration of the worldview by proposing four fundamental insights of economics. The insights satisfy two criteria: they should be compatible with the mainstream of economics, and they should correspond to the daily experiences of the general public and be useful to them. The four insights can be represented by the numbers of 0, 1, and 2: (1) ○>0; (2) 1+1<2; (3) 1+1>2; (4) 0~0。 First, ○>0; it means that man is rational and self-interested. Secondly, 1+1<2; it suggests that whatever is is not necessarily efficient, but there is a reason for it. Third, 1+1>2; it argues that for something good to occur, the supporting conditions must be in place. Fourth, 0~0; it implies that the meanings of something are fulfilled by other, relevant things. Abstractly speaking, the first insight is the starting point of economic analysis. The second and third insights represent respectively an unsatisfactory and a satisfactory situation; for either situation, economic analysis can try to advance an explanation. Finally, the fourth insight illustrates on the one hand the core concept of opportunity cost and on the other hand how meanings of things are determined in general. It also implies that given the status quo, a potentially better alternative can and should be looked for consciously. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。