頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 夏季鮮食番茄的品種改良=Genetic Improvement of Summer Fresh Market Tomatoes |
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作 者 | 陳正次; 郭忠吉; Hanson,Peter Mitchell; Opena,Remeo T.; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 4:1 2003.02[民92.02] |
頁 次 | 頁83-102 |
分類號 | 435.272 |
關鍵詞 | 番茄; 夏季番茄生產; 品種改良; 耐熱; 抗病; Tomatoes; Lycopersicon esculentum Mill; Summer tomato production; Varietal improvement; Heat tolerance; Diseases resistance; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 番茄在熱帶與亞熱帶的高溫乾燥或高溫多濕氣候環境下,常發生生長不良,結果率降低。再加上熱帶病害如青枯病、細菌性斑點病、萎凋病、根瘤線虫及各類型的病毒病等危害,導致夏季生產極為困難,產生價格高昂。亞洲蔬菜研究發展中心(亞蔬中心)番茄育種團隊針對這些缺失,三十年來致力於培育具耐熱、抗多種病害的番茄品種之研究,已獲得顯著成效。目前已有119個品種分別在全球35個國家命名推廣,其中有八個品種在臺灣正式命名推廣栽種。其成果培育的五種策略為(一)種原收進:共收集7225種,9個物種,做為抗病耐熱假其他優良園藝性狀的材料。(二)耐熱性的研究:自所有種原中篩選出41個耐熱、其耐熱性的遺傳為少數顯性主效基因與未知數目的微效基因所探制的性狀稱為「類似—量性狀」,而遺傳力高。影響耐熱性的生理因素也有相當的瞭解,也成耐熱培育的根基。(三)重要病害抗病性的種原和遺傳:該策略為鑑定抗病種原及對其抗病性遺傳瞭解,以利執行抗病品系的培育,其結果為番茄嵌紋病毒病由三個顯示複對質因所控制,其中Tm-□基因可以抗病毒小種0、1和2,抗病種原有十幾種;番茄捲葉病毒病的抗病性已知有兩個顯性抗病基因(Ty-1和Ty-2),別分來自L. chilense和L. hirsutum等兩個野生種種原;抗青枯病的種原有141種,其遺傳性由多對八對完全顯性基因所控制;抗萎凋病種原已有多種,其抗病性有三對顯性基因(I-1、I-2及I-3),各抗一種生理小種,並且I-2基因可抗生理小種1和2;抗晚疫病的種原有L3708與LA1033等多種,其抗病性由單一顯性基因(Ph3)所控制;抗黑黴病和馬鈴薯Y型病毒病都是由二對隱性基因所控制。抗根瘤線虫種原由L. peruvianum野生種培育出來,有許多種原,其抗病性由一對顯性Mi基因所控制,而且該基因與同功異構脢酵素的標記基因Aps-□有連鎖現象。(四)而熱、抗多種病害品系培育的策略:利用雜交育種與回交育種等兩種方法,伴隨單籽後裔法與系譜選拔法。依據耐熱性、各種病害抗病遺傳性,以階段漸進的方式,逐漸累加耐熱性及青枯病等病害的抗性,而育成耐熱性高、抗多種病害的自交系。(五)雜交一代商業品種的培育:利用已育成的耐熱、抗病自交係與國內外的優良自交系品種,雜交組合,育成優良雜交一代商業品種。 |
英文摘要 | Tomato occasionally incurs poor grown and fruit-set under hot-dry or hot-wet season in the tropics and sub-tropics. It is major bottleneck impeding summer production, along with many tropical diseases, such as bacterial wilt, bacterial spot, fusarium wilt, root-knot nematode, and several viruses. In order to overcome these production problems as well as improve the quality of tomatoes for the tropics, a multidisciplinary team at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) has worked on varietal improvement for heat tolerance and multiple diseases resistance in tomato, and over the past 30 years. One hundred nineteen AVRDC tomato improvement: 1. Germplasm collection-AVRDC holds 7225 Lycopersicon accessions, including 9 species which are utilized as breeding materials of disease resistance, heat tolerance and other major horticultural traits. 2. Understanding the genetic basis of heat tolerance – previous screenings for heat tolerance revealed only 41 tomato heat tolerance accessions out of thousands that were tested. The inheritance of heat tolerance is controlled by a few dominant genetic factors with major effects on the trait, and an undefined number of minor modifiers. 3. Identification of disease resistance sources and determination of disease resistance – three dominant genes control tomato mosaic virus, one gene Tm-□ gives a high level of resistance to the three most commonly occurring strains 0, 1, and 2. Ten stocks resistant to tomato leaf curl virus have been identified; and two dominant genes for resistance to tomato leaf curl virus (Ty-1 and Ty-2) have been intorgressed from two wild species L. chilense and L. hirsutum, respectively; One hundred forty one bacterial wilt resistant stocks have been identified, and resistance is polygenic and tends to show incomplete dominance; many fusarium wilt resistant stocks have been identified, and three dominant genes, I-1, I-2, I-3, provide race-specific resistance, but the I-2 gene condition resistance to races 1 and 2; two late blight resistant accessions, L 3708 (L. Pinpinellifolium) and LA 1033 (L. hirsutum) have been identified; one single dominant gene, (Ph-3) originating from L 3708 provides race specific resistance; black leaf mold resistance is controlled by two recessive genes; resistance to common root knot nematode is controlled by a single dominant gene, Mi, which was derived from a wild species L. peruvianum, and is tightly linked to the gene Aps-1, an isozyme locus for acid phosphatase. 4. Breeding strategies to incorporate heat tolerance and multiple disease resistance – Two breeding methodologies, hybridization and backcrossing have utilized of AVRDC, along with two selection methods: single seed descent and pedigree. A stepwise improvement of tropical tomato has been pursued, particularly for high levels of heat tolerance and bacterial wilt resistance and other disease resistances in order to develop heat tolerant and multiple disease resistant inbred liens. 5. Development of commercial □ hybrid varieties – To combine heat tolerant and multiple disease resistant inbred lines to develop the commercial □ hybrid varieties. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。