頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 中華民國政府外交運作中的「漢賊不兩立」?--一九四九年秋至一九八七年底=Has the R.O.C. Executed the Notion “No Co-Existence for Legitimacy and Rebellion” in Its Foreign Policy 1949-1987? |
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作 者 | 黃剛; | 書刊名 | 東吳歷史學報 |
卷 期 | 13 民94.06 |
頁 次 | 頁109-170 |
分類號 | 578.2 |
關鍵詞 | 中華民國政府; 中華人民共和國政府; 合法政府; 外交關係; 實質關係; 漢賊不兩立; The government of the Republic of China; The government of the People's Republic of China; Legitimate government; Diplomatic relations; Substantial relations; No co-existence between the legitimacy and rebellion; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 中華民國政府於一九一二年繼承滿清政府,嗣為國際社會所認定的中國法統政府(legitimate government)。 中國人民共和國中央政府(以下簡稱中共政府)於一九四九年十月一日在北京宣告成立。中華民國政府稍後於同年十二月八日遷都臺北。中華民國政府以國祚未斷,仍以中國之法統政府自居;中共政府則即宣告繼承中華民國政府亦自許為中國之法統政府。 中國民國政府與中共政府自一九四九年十月起,就為了爭取中國法統政府地位,在國際社會中競爭其他國家外交承認。因依國際法之原則及國際社會的認知,一個主權國家只能有一個法統政府。一個政府如要被國際社會認定為法統政府,就必須取得其他國的外交部承認(diplomatic recognition);另者,獲得國際社會過半國家認定為法統政府者,就能派駐代表參與自主權國家組成之國際組織如聯合國等。 自一九四九年秋至一九八七年底,是蔣中正、蔣經國兩位總統在臺主政之時期,臺海兩岸併立對峙之基本情勢雖未變遷,然因國際情勢之演變及中共政府的穩定茁壯,使得越來越多的國家承認中共政府並與中華民國政府斷絕使領關係。由於中華民國政府在與中共政府爭取其他國家承認的零和競鬥中屢屢失利,若干人士乃將之歸咎於兩位蔣總統在外交上採行「漢賊不兩立」所致。 本文撰作的目的,旨在查核有關史料分析兩蔣主政時期中華民國政府對臺海兩岸爭競國際承認之外交策略及實踐(practice),並瞭解所謂「漢賊不兩立」之形成情境與曾否執行。 茲為便利陳述,乃將一九四九年秋至一九八七年底四十年間依國際情勢之發展區劃為六個時段:(一)中共政府成立初期之外交活動;(二)韓戰期間;(三)韓戰結束至一九六三年;(四)法國與中共建交及「漢賊不兩立」的迷思;(五)一九七○年代兩岸政府外交競爭的大逆轉;(六)美國與中共建交至一九八七年底等。 |
英文摘要 | The government of the Republic of China (ROC), founded in 1912 after the Ching Dynasty, was expelled to Taiwan by the Chinese Communist’s army in 1949, whilst the People’s Republic of Chine (PRC) formally declared its commencement on October 1, the same year as the successor to the ROC government in the mainland. The jurisdiction of the Roc was confined to Taiwan, Pascadores and some offshore islands. Since then, these two governments have been inevitably fighting against each other for the legitimacy of China in both domestic and international communities. Such separation and confrontation across the Taiwan Strait has been stalling for the past 50 years. However, during this period, as the ruling in the mainland was solidified and the political influence over the East Asia became more noticeable, the PRC government gradually won the majority recognition from the world community as the China’s sole legitimate government. Such circumferential fact resulted in the formal replacement ROC in the United Nations on October 25, 1971. With no exception, all the states establishing diplomatic relations with the PRC severed the formal links with the ROC government. The ROC’s diplomatic fiasco really frustrated those who liked to maintain Taiwan’s international identity. The critics reprimanded the late-president Kai-Sheh Chiang and his son Ching-Kou Chiang on their foreign policy during 1949 and 1987 under the notion of “no co-existence for legitimacy and rebellion”. That means the ROC government will automatically terminate its official relations with any country that recognized or establishes relations with the PRC regime. The purpose of this article is to study the onset of the ROC’s foreign policy and the effect of the “no co-existence for legitimacy and rebellion” on its foreign affairs. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。