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題名 | 行政管制走向下反托拉斯法規範手段之研究--以「協議裁決」為中心=Antitrust Regulatory Measures under the Trend towards Bureaucratic Regulation--A Study on Consent Decrees |
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作者 | 謝佩芬; | 書刊名 | 公平交易季刊 |
卷期 | 13:1 2005.01[民94.01] |
頁次 | 頁113-182 |
分類號 | 553.74 |
關鍵詞 | 行政管制; 反托拉斯局; 協議裁決; 公平交易委員會; 和解契約; Bureaucratic regulation; Consent decree; The antitrust division; Fair trade commission; Settlement; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 掌管市場交易秩序的競爭主管機關規範廠商競爭行為時,常會面臨違法情事難以證明的情況,諸如:市場力量的評估、市場範圍的界定。另外,競爭法中的規範標準'也可能因政治立場或是經濟理論的演變而重新獲得詮釋。因此,主管機關除了於事前頻繁運用非正式手段,讓政策利害關係人得以明暸最新的政策走向之外,事後則是多以「協議」( negotiation ) 此等溫和方式,禁止或調整廠商可能違法之作為,並且藉此監控廠商未來的一舉一動,以維護市場競爭。 其中,「協議裁決J」(Consent Decree) 為美國反托拉斯局解決反托拉斯民事案件最為普遍的手段,也使反托拉斯局漸漸從「檢調者」邁向「管制者」。由於美國執行反托拉斯法有著多年且豐富之經驗,正可藉以評估運用「協議」執行反托拉斯政策的可行性,也可了解協議裁決所具備的政策意義。 最後,基於我國適逢行政程序法的通過,公平會以資因應也制定了「締結和解契約處理原則」。未來和解契約是否可為我國執行競爭政策之有效工具?亦是一項相當值得關心的課題。然而,重要的是相關和解契約制度的完整建立應才是運作順利之前提要件。 |
英文摘要 | Due to the rather discretionary disposition inherent in the interpretation of antitrust laws, antitrust enforcement agencies the world over face similar problems of enforcement when it comes to how to design, in accordance with the authority conferred by law, enforcement mechanisms that can appropriately deter anti-competitive activities. The Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice of the United States, for example, has adopted many informal measures, such as the publication of guidelines, the issuance of business review letters and the employment of consent decrees, all in an attempt to release its policy information to antitrust stakeholders. Among all of the relevant informal measures, the enactment of consent decrees is the only mechanism that is ex post in nature, and it has frequently been used by the Antitrust Division to resolve antitrust disputes because it is more efficient than litigation in the enforcement of antitrust laws. The role of the Antitrust Division, however, has shifted over time from originally being a “prosecutor” to currently serving as a “regulator”; it has now been empowered to make antitrust policy if, under its discretion, this is considered necessary to accomplish the government’s goal toward market competition. As for the importance of the growth of antitrust laws, consent decrees have on several occasions taken precedence over antitrust courts' judgments. Against this backdrop, in this article, I introduce and evaluate the experience of applying consent decrees to resolve antitrust disputes in U.S. antitrust history. From this, I hope to derive some feasible suggestions for the Fair Trade Commission of Taiwan in its enforcement of the Fair Trade Act and for its design of competition policy. More specifically, I hope the conclusions drawn from this article can be beneficial to the Commission in constructing more practical guidelines for establishing administrative settlement agreements with potential Fair Trade Act violators. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。