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題 名 | 近代中國女子體育觀初探=A Probe into Views on Women's Physical Education in Modern China |
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作 者 | 游鑑明; | 書刊名 | 新史學 |
卷 期 | 7:4 1996.12[民85.12] |
頁 次 | 頁119-158 |
專 輯 | 女/性史專號 |
分類號 | 528.9 |
關鍵詞 | 近代女子體育; 強國保種; 男女平權; 健康美; 民族主義; Modern-day women's physical education; Strengthening the nation and race; Equal rights for both sexes; Healthy beauty; Nationalism; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 近代中國的女子體育是因近代教育的建立而產生,隨著運動會的舉行 及體育風氣的漸開,女子體育活動至二、三○年代轉為蓬勃,倡導的對象由女學 生擴及至一般女性,而關心女子體育的不僅是教育單位,也包括社會大眾,於是 各界對女子體育有不同的論見。就女子體育目標而言,近代以來,因中國國勢始 終不振,為恢復國力,民族主義思潮激盪中國人的生活,強國保種或體育救國成 為體育思想的主流,女子體育也不例外。與此同時,因女權思想的勃興,有論著 主張藉體育改善女性體質,以使兩性平權;也有論者倡導健康美來對抗壓抑女性 的病態美。惟這些論述的終極目的也是在強國保種。就女子體育方法言,有論者 基於尚武、救國及男女平權觀念,支持無性別之分的體育活動;另有論者則認為 體育應視兩性身心差異給予不同的規範,尤其反對不利女性生育的劇烈運動,此 一說法也獲得部分女權論者的支持。概言之,論者對女子體育目標或女子體育方 法看法固然不一,均期待透過體育來改進女性身體,女權論者更以女性立場強調 體育,但受制於民族主義與傳宗接代的責任,似無法為女性身體建立自主的空間。 |
英文摘要 | Women's physical education in modem China had been an offshootof modem education. As sports competitions were held and as physicaleducation gradually became a trend, women's physical education becamequite developed in the 1920s and 1930s. Target of promotions expandedfrom female students to ordinary women in society. Concern for women'sphysical education was not limited to education authorities alone; it alsoattracted wide concern from society in general. All these have led todivergent views on women's physical education from different circles. In terms of the goals of women's physical education, the continuedweakness in the national strength of the Chinese nation in modern timeshad led to nationalistic ideas by proponents of a strong China, which inturn helped nurtured the advocacy of ideals towards ''strengthening thenation and race" and "saving the nation through physical education" asmainstream trends in physical education. The same holds true withwomen's physical education. While this was going on. the rise of ideas onwomen's rights paved the way for the publication of literature proposingthe improvement of women's physical consistencies through physicaleducation, which was seen as a way of ascertaining that both sexes have equal rights. Still other proponents supported the use of the so-called"healthy beauty" to suppress women's "unhealthy beauty." The ultimategoal of these propositions still was centered on the idea of "strengtheningthe nation and race." In terms of the methods for promoting physicaleducation, some proposed non-exclusionary physical education activitiesfor both sexes based on the ideas of emphasizing military affairs, nationalsalvation and equality of rights for both sexes. Some others advocated theregulation of physical activities based on differences in the physical andemotional make-ups of the two sexes, and which voiced views againststrenuous sports considered deleterious to child-bearing. The latter wonthe support of some of the women's rights proponents. Tn summary,although proponents held divergent views on the goals of women'sphysical education and its methods, all of them looked forward to theimprovement of women's physical consistencies by means of physicaleducation. Women's rights proponents were even more emphatic onphysical education from the women's perspective. Yet, suppressed bynationalistic and procreative issues, they failed to win for the woman'sbody a more autonomous elbowroom. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。