頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 《管子》四篇的道論=The Theory of Dao in the Four Chapters of the Guanzi |
---|---|
作 者 | 陳鼓應; | 書刊名 | 國立臺灣大學哲學論評 |
卷 期 | 23 2000.01[民89.01] |
頁 次 | 頁1-17 |
分類號 | 121.3 |
關鍵詞 | 稷下道家; 管子四篇; 虛; 道生法; 靜因之道; Jixia Daoists; Four chapters of the Guanzi; Emptiness; The dao of following quietly; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 〈管子〉四篇的哲學理論主要在於繼承老子的道論再加以獨特的發展,表現出老學齊學化的特色。 本文首先析論〈管子〉四篇在道論方面祖述老學的成份,其次就道之特性暨「虛」與「無為」等觀念申論其對老學的發展:<管子>四篇不但將老子原本作為空間義之「虛」提昇到宇宙論的範疇,以「虛」來表達作為萬物之始的「道」,另方面也將老子有關心境修養之「虛」轉化為認識論的概念,使「虛」的意義延伸至知識論主客關係的層面,強調主體的認識應著重保持空明靈覺的性能。 以〈管子〉四篇為代表的稷下道家,一方面就道與主體之關係進行申論,透過精氣說,將道具象化並落實於人身,乃提出「道不遠人」、「道者充形」等說法,進而發展出「以心受道」的觀點,如此使得「道」與人的聯繫,得以具體落實於「心」。 另方面則援禮法以入道,將道落實於政治社會之運作,提出「道生法」之命題;認為禮、法出於道,並將形而上之道與形而下之禮法貫通為一整體,如此使得稷下道家在有關道的具體施用方面,重視「應時而變」,兼顧「情」與「理」的平衡。 再者是將「因」字發展成為獨立的哲學概念,不僅提出「舍己而以物為法」與「因其能者言其所用」這兩個界說,更在「道貴因」的命題下表現出「因時應物」的原則,又將「因」的概念與「刑名」相結合,發展成「因之術」;在此同時也提出「靜因之道」這一認識論上的重要命題,對於荀子「虛壹而靜」的主張有直接的影響。 |
英文摘要 | The four chapters of the Guanzi embody the adaptation and further development of Laozi's theory of the dao by the Daoists in Qi. The paper first shows, where Guanzi builds on the theory of dao in the Laozi. Then the further development of this theory through the notions of "non action" and "emptiness" is analysed. The notion of emptiness is incorporated into the cosmological framework in such a way as to describe the origin of all things. In an epistemological context the "emptiness" describes a certain state in which the subject should be. The Jixia Daoists as presented in the four chapters of the Guanzi on one hand concretise the dao with the help of the notion of jingqi. On the other hand they implement the dao in the social realm by the means of the rites (li) and the law (fa). Thus by the combination of the metaphysical dao with the empirical dao the Jixia Daoists are putting the dao into practice. Furthermore the concept of following (yin) is a major focal point in the four chapters of the Guanzi. Not only should one "Give up oneself and follow the things", but under the premise that "the dao values following" the principle of "following the times and reacting to the things" is put forward. In an epistemological context the concept of "following" as exemplified in "the dao of following quietly" also plays an important role. Xunzi later on is to adopt this concept into his thinking. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。