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題名 | 法國電業自由化之最新發展與法電公司經營策略 |
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作 者 | 李清榮; | 書刊名 | 能源季刊 |
卷期 | 33:4 2003.10[民92.10] |
頁次 | 頁53-68 |
分類號 | 575.16 |
關鍵詞 | 容量拍賣; 電業重組; 獨立系統操作機構; 複合式能源產業; 多元化能源服務團隊; Generation capacity auction; Electric industry restructuring; Independent system operators; ISO; Multi-Energy industry; Diversified energy service teams; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 法國政經文化與西歐其他國家大不相同,較偏向中央集權,其航空、通訊與能源產業大都為政府所控制,且維持相當規模之國營經營型態,尤其電力與天?氣產業,其員工人數均各高達十萬人以上。不過在全球化與自由化的趨勢與歐盟的壓力下,使法國政府高度控制產業之所綠權與行政干預經營的情況已逐漸改變。近年來,法國政治與經濟正進行重大改革,政府開始推動自由化與民營化,逐漸將銀行業與保險業轉移民營,但仍控制法航空、法國天然氣、法國電力、法國電信及雷諾汽車等大產業。 法國政府實施左右共治,目前總統席哈克(Jacques Chirac)屬於共和聯盟黨,總理由社會黨領袖喬斯班(Lionel Jospin)擔任,雖然歐盟要求法國積極推動國營事業民營化,由於政府及產業界對此缺乏共識,法國能源產業民營化進展十分緩慢,影響所及,法國電力公司(Electricite de France, EDF)的民營化在法電工會強力反對下,也困難重重。 在歐盟強力要南法國開放電力市場下,法國電力(EDF)經營團隊鑒於電力市場開放不可避免,而一方面配合配合政府之市場開放政策(如收購再生能源、拍賣其發電容量給市場),另一方面,改變其經營策略與組織重整,重新闡釋經營理念,如:積極拓展海外市場、在英國及南美購併公用電業、從事能源相關之輸配及銷售業務。 本文旨在探討法國電業自由化之做法、法電(EDF)如何因應電力市場開放及法電經營策略之改變,尤其法電所採取之拍賣發電容量作法及境外(法國以外)營收目標佔總公司營收一半等經營策略,或可做為電業市場開放初期,為減少推動阻礙而可採取之途徑。 |
英文摘要 | There are many differences among France and western European countries in political, economic and cultural background. France is tended to be a centralized regime. The France government controls its airway, telecommunication and energy industries, and keeps these industries as very big state-owned enterprises, especially in the electricity and gas sectors. The employees of these two industries are more than 100 thousand people. Recently, France government has deregulated the financial and insurance market under the pressure from European Union (EU). And, the government has been decided to deregulate and privatize the energy industries. However, it still controls Airway, telecommunication, natural gas, electricity and Rano auto industries. Due to different views between the government and these industries, it is very slow development in deregulation of the energy sector. In this situation, the EDF's privatization is no progress under the pressure of the EDF's Union. Under the strong requirement by European Union, however, the top management of EDF had recognized that the electricity market should be deregulated to other western European countries. Hence, EDF decided to auction its generation capacity to the market and purchase the renewable resources following the government and EU's polices. On the other hand, EDF top management had also changed its business strategies, including investment of overseas electricity market in the UK, and south America, and engagement in the transmission, distribution and retail electricity business. This paper discussed the approach of electric industry deregulation in France, and how EDF react the government policies of deregulation and privatization. Especially, EDF proposed the method of generation capacity auction the rather than the common way of separation the generation sector. The approach of generation capacity auction may provide a reference for designing a new electricity market during the beginning of deregulation. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。