頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 美國「軍工複合體」發展現況與理論探討=The Militry-Industrial Complex-the Status Quo and Various Approachesin the U. S. |
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作 者 | 朱家敏; 李明正; | 書刊名 | 筧橋學報 |
卷 期 | 4 1997.09[民86.09] |
頁 次 | 頁257-276 |
分類號 | 599.952 |
關鍵詞 | 軍工複合體; 國防工業; 國防工業基礎; 武器移轉; 軍民兩用; 權力精英模型; 韋伯階層理論模型; 馬克斯理論模型; 資源動員理論模型; 系統理論模型; Military-industrial complex; Defense industy; Defense industry base; Arms transfer; Dual-use; The power elite model; The weberian bueaucracy model; Marxist model; The resource mobilization model; The political system model; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文主要目的有二:一、為探討美國「軍工複合體」發展現況,二、探討「軍工複 合體」的理論。 一、美國「軍工複合體」發展現況:冷戰後,美國「軍工複合體」的對其社會的影響力受到 制約,最主要的原因有二:(一)冷戰後,美國以往強調「國家安全」議題已轉移至有關國 內赤字、貿易、社會、經濟成長等問題上,因此,以降低國防經費,支應國內各項建設,提 高經濟競爭力美國。(二)美國面臨德、日、及新興國家之強力經濟競爭;此外,美國國內 呈現經濟不振、工業生產力下降的事實,促成美國國防工業間重整、合併等方式,提高其經 濟競爭力。換言之,冷戰結束後,美國一再強調經濟力量的重要性促成了美國政府、國會、 國防工業間的密切配合,以解決國防、經濟等問題。 二、有關「軍工複合體」的理論探討:一般而言,美國學者基於不同研究旨趣及理論基礎在 研究「軍工複合體」系絡時,分從政治、社會等學科出發,採行各種模型,包括「權力精英 模型」、「階層理論模型」、「馬克斯理論模型」、及「資源動員理論模型」、「系統理論 模型」等途徑。而在各種模型比較中,大多數的理論趨向於批判性的架構,而且並未規範出 出包括內、外環境影響因素分析架構。而「系統理論模型」途徑,雖可以解釋大部份現實狀 況,但在過於理性之趨勢;綜合言之,在選擇理論架構時,仍難以避免意識型態的問題,端 賴批判者之自由心證。 |
英文摘要 | There are two main purposes of this paper. This is, the first one is to find out the status quo of The Military Industrial Complex (MIC) in the U.S. The second one is to show several theoretical approaches from which different concepts of the MIC are derived. In the post-Cold War, the U.S. doesn't emphasize on the security of nation as before. Instead, the U.S. is focusing on the importance of economic sercurity and competition. In order to relase burden of the military spending, the U.S. goverment cut down military budget. Therefore, the MIC in the Post-Cold War become latent and it's influence may shrink. As to various Approaches to the MIC, most of the MIC theories are significant for critical analysis of the phnomenan. These concepts of the MIC are mainly to explain how decisions are really made concerning such issues as continuing high military expenditures, etc. Among these Approachs, few of them set up the analytical framework to systematize and clarify various factors of the MIC, nor do they explore the interrelation between domestic factors and external factors of the MIC. Actually, the system model can explain most of the phenomenan, but it may be treated as a rational model. So, it is difficut for scholars and researchers to choose a model without any ideological implications. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。