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題 名 | 民主主權:政治理論中主權概念之演變與主權理論新取向=Democratic Sovereignty: The Development of the Idea of Sovereignty in Political Theory and a New Approach to Sovereignty |
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作 者 | 楊永明; | 書刊名 | 政治科學論叢 |
卷 期 | 7 1996.06[民85.06] |
頁 次 | 頁125-156 |
分類號 | 571.16 |
關鍵詞 | 民主主權; 人民主權; 政治理論; 主權; 主權概念; 演變; 主權理論; 新取向; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 主權是研究國家理論和國際法理論的核心概念。自有此一概念以來,主權理論在不同時期的改變,正反映著當時社會趨勢和政治事實的轉變。 本文將以政治理論中主權概念之角色與演變為探討重點。文章分為五部份:首先將探討絕對主權理論,討論此一理論的兩位大將,即布丹與霍布斯;其次,將以人民主權理論為討論重點,分別探討建構此一理論的洛克與盧梭論點;第三部份將討論人民主權在當代民主憲政國家政治結構中的角色與安排,並以英美兩國為例說明之;第四部份將對人民主權的面向與限制、主權概念在國際法的地位與發展、以及當代國際人權法發展中對於人權與主權關係的影響等予以重新思索;最後,作者將綜合主權概念在政治理論和國際法的角色,並參照當代民主理論和人權思想,提出「民主主權」概念架構,作為主權理論的新取向。 本文作者主張以「民主主權」(democratic sovereignty)來取代傳統的人民主權概念,並以此項概念涵蓋主權在國家內部和外部的雙重關係與特性。「民主主權」主要指涉民主制度在國家政治結構中,程序上與實質上的合法性與正當,亦即主權不僅應該歸屬於全體人民,而更強調民主統治的合法性。最終政治權力歸屬於全體人民尚不足以保證人民能夠確切掌握主權權力,唯有民主統治的實踐才能確保人民的權益與基本人權。 在國內層面(或內部主權),民主主權指涉:(1)憲法法律體系,(2)民主選舉制,及(3)國內管轄權。在國際層面(或外部主權),亦即民主主權概念的外部應用包括(1)獨立自主,(2)國際法人格,及(3)主權權利與境外管轄權。具備以上要件之政治社會是為民主主權國家,該取向架構不僅涵蓋了傳統國際法對於國家的定義,更將民主法治制度融合至主權概念之中,使得民主統治在國家政治結構獲得正當性與合法性地位,更提供一個民主國家間國際關係的結構藍圖。 |
英文摘要 | The notion of sovereignty appeared as a political ideal in the discussion of the theory of modern state. Later, it was used to describe states' internal and external power relations. Sovereignty cannot be understood without reference to its specific context in time space. Changes in the doctrine of sovereignty reflect changes in political facts, both domestic and international. This paper will first examine the idea of sovereignty, in theory and practice, in its domestic contex-both about and popular notions of the concept. This theory was closely associated with and clearly articulated by such early theorists as Jean Bodin and Thomas Hobbes. With the inception of constitutional government, Locke, and after him Rousseau, propounded the theory that the people as a whole were the sovereign. Both the concepts of absolute and popular sovereignty are defined by the location and distribution of final political power in a state. This research will then review the recent opinions of sovereignty in both domestic and international contexts, and it will examine the argument for the end/transformation of sovereignty. The principles of sovereignty are neither fixed nor constant. In the domestic application, the notion of popular sovereignty has become the dominant feature of the political structure of states. As a international legal concept, sovereignty lent state power the supreme authority and independence within its territory boundary under international law. The external application of the idea of sovereignty was regarded as the core concept by various international law theories. In modern time, sovereignty remains the central ideal in all political stages, either its domestic or international (internal or external) aspects. It is premature to assert the end of sovereignty, though the idea needs to be refined in accordance with rapid developments of both the nature of state and international interdependence. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach to sovereignty and offer a framework for the new approach, both in internal and external perspectives. In this new approach, the author tries to combine both discussions about the notion of sovereignty within the state and in international law into one new idea of "democratic sovereignty," which is designed to replace the traditional notion of popular sovereignty. The framework of democratic sovereignty includes both internal and external aspects of the idea of sovereignty. Internal sovereignty will include the constitutional legal system, democratic election, and domestic jurisdiction, while the notion of external sovereignty will contain the ideas of external independence, international personality, and sovereign rights and extraterritorial jurisdiction. "Democratic sovereignty" means not only that sovereignty should reside within the people, but it also recognizes the legitimacy of democratic governance. Democratic sovereignty denotes both the substantive and procedural legitimacy of democracy in the internal political structure of a state. Furthermore, many international legal scholars argue that international community is moving to accept the legitimacy of democratic governance in every state as a global normative entitlement. Therefore, the idea to democratic sovereignty also represents the better concept for the post cold war paradigm the global resurgence of democracy. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。