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題 名 | 「多媒體動態評量」低獲益受試者之認知缺陷與協助策略分析=An Analysis of Congnitive Deficits and Assisted Strategies for Low-Gainers under Multimedia Dynamic Assessment |
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作 者 | 莊麗娟; | 書刊名 | 特殊教育研究學刊 |
卷 期 | 21 2001.07[民90.07] |
頁 次 | 頁109-133 |
分類號 | 521.3 |
關鍵詞 | 多媒體動態評量; 浮力概念; 認知缺陷; 協助策略; 科學教育; Multimedia dynamic assessment; Buoyant concepts; Cognitive deficits; Assisted strategies; Science education; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究屬「多媒體動態評量模式」兩階段研究中的第二階段。第一階段主要在檢視研究者所發展的「多媒體動態評量模式」的具體效益,該研究結果支持此評量模式可同步獲致區辨個別差異(區辨力)、提昇解是能力與學習情意(助益力),以及預測未來表現(預測力)等三項效益。而本研究(第二階段研究)則擴展以往國外外有關動態評量的研究型態,進一步的追蹤第一階段研究中的解題能力未明顯提昇的受試者(低獲益受試者)4人,採用個別晤談診斷的方式,進行重測,藉之分析此低獲益受試者的認知缺陷與解題障礙,並試探有效的協助方式,以作為進階評量診斷與教學設計的參考。研究結果顯示:1.在認知缺陷方面,低獲益受試者主要的迷思概念在於缺乏「質量保留」觀念,且其解題歷程顯現「直覺思考」、「片面思考」、「矛盾思考」、「非系統性思考」等缺乏思考結構的現象;從高抽象、多訊息試題的高錯誤率中可知,該類受試者之「工作記憶」較為不足、無法有效的進行「心像推理」與「連鎖比較」,並呈現注意力方面的缺陷;此外,對於已習得的解題策略,缺乏「自發性的遷移能力」。2.在協策略方面,從實際試探中發現,舉例類推、圖示、對照比較、提供運算結構、分解再結合、保留思考時間、單純練習等方法,可有效調整概念並提昇解題能力。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this study was to describe the phenomena of cognitive deficits among the low-gainers, and to explore the effectiveness of assisting strategies to facilitate their learning dynamic assessment (MDA) on the buoyant concepts. Based on posttest, four lowest gainers were picked out (two low-gainers selected from the domain of daily life problems solving and the other two from the domain of abstract reasoning). The subjects were retested by means of diagnostic interview. Comparing the record of posttest and retest, the researcher reached the following findings: 1.The low-gainers tended to have following cognitive deficits: (1)lacking the structuralized thinking. (2)the limited capacity of working memory. (3)failing to develop insightful learning for transfering. 2.As far as the assisted strategies concerned, giving examples and analogies, illustrating, contrasting and comparing, suggesting calculation structure, using whole-part-integration problem solving processes, giving more thinking time and simple practice whole-part-integration problem solving processes, giving more thinking time and simple practice could be effective strategies to change misconceptions and promote problem-solving abilities. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。