頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 民主法制國家、基本權利及監察專員=Democratic State, Human Rights and the Principle of Ombudsman |
---|---|
作 者 | Fonseca,Jorge Carlos; | 書刊名 | 行政:澳門政府雜誌 |
卷 期 | 43 1999.03[民88.03] |
頁 次 | 頁227-236+309 |
分類號 | 571.6、571.6 |
關鍵詞 | 民主法制國家; 基本權利; 監察專員; Ombudsman; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
英文摘要 | The author studies the history of ombudsamn. The first Ombudsman was created in the 1809 Swedish constitutional reform, then extended to Finland and Denmark in 1919 and 1955 respectively, and in 1962 to New Zealand and Norway. Until recently the same post was named the superintendent of Justice (Provedor de Justica) in Portugal, the Defender of People (Defensor del Pueblo) in Spain, Mediator (Mediateur) in France and other French speaking countries, the Parliamentary Commissioner in Britain and the European Superintendent (Provedor Europeu) in countries of the Commonwealth. The ombudsman emerged in the East European countries and the Latin-American countries, just after the decline of the communist and military regimes, and then in Africa,Asia, Greece and Belgium. Furthermore, the author defends the important role of an ombudsman as an idependent and autonomous power and as a moderator between the citizens and the government. And also serves as an institution with real utility which is necessary for further affirmation of a law state and most important of all a State of the people. The ombudsman in not just a superintendent of justice but is a defender of the society when faced with the state, a superintendent of citizenship. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。