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題名 | Selection and Breeding of King Oyster Mushroom=杏鮑菇新品系之選育 |
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作者 | 彭金騰; 戴閔聰; 蔡英芳; 陳美杏; 陳錦桐; | 書刊名 | 中華農業研究 |
卷期 | 50:4 2001.12[民90.12] |
頁次 | 頁43-58 |
分類號 | 435.29 |
關鍵詞 | 杏鮑菇; 新品系; 選育; Selection; Breeding; King oyster mushroom; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 三個杏鮑菇品系(Pleurotus eryngii),即ATCC 36047, ATCC 90212及Holland 150,以食用菇自動化瓶栽系統栽培評估其商業化生產之價值,試驗結果顯示ATCC 36047品系最具商業栽培潛力,其菇體中至大型,菇形佳,組織堅實,質地細膩,貨架壽命長。Holland 150品系出菇快,菇體大型,外形亦佳,組織較為鬆軟且菌傘表面於高溼狀態下易形成細疣,貨架壽命短,但菇體質地細膩,生物效率一般較ATCC 36047為高。ATCC 90212品系之菇體細長,但菇體組織堅實,質地細膩且貨架壽命長。為獲得高品質及高產之杏鮑菇新品系,分別自ATCC 36047及Holland 150品系各分離獲得23及38個單孢菌株,先經單孢菌株自交及兩品系四交配型代表性單孢菌株間雜交,獲知兩品系各單孢菌株之交配型後,經雜交獲得92個菌絲生長正常之雙核體,以一系列不同基質配方栽培比較其產量及出菇特性,獲得四個高產、質優之雜交雙核體,即B112,B012,B030及B011品系。B112品系之菇體大型,傘小,柄多呈紡錘形,菇體組織略軟,但質地細膩。B012品系菇體中大型,菇柄粗短,上下同寬,顯著偏生或側生,傘扇形,其表面相對溼度高時易生疣狀突起,菇體組織白而堅實,質地特別細膩。B030品系菇體中小型,柄細長上下等寬,空氣溼度高時易生太多子實體,菇體組織白且結實。B011品系易生柄粗傘大之菇體,傘圓,傘緣上翻為多,菇體組織白而結實。以上品系自接種至採收結束約需54至60天,各品系之產量或生物效率隨栽培基質不同而異。 |
英文摘要 | Three strains of the king oyster mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii (DC.:Fr.) Quél., were grown with bottle cultivation system for the evaluation of commercial production. They were the strains ATCC 36047, ATCC 90212 and Holland 150. One of them, i.e. the strain ATCC 36047, showed a high potentiality for commercial production. This strain produced medium to large fruiting bodies with an excellent feature, a firm and fine texture and a long shelf life, while the strain Holland 150 fructified fast and mostly produced large fruiting bodies with a good feature, a soft and fine texture as well as a short shelf life. The latter has a higher biological efficiency than the strain ATCC 36047 did, but it produced many warts on cap surfaces during high RH. In order to obtain a highly productive strain which can produce high quality fruit bodies, monokaryons from the strain ATCC 36047 and Holland 150 were isolated and their mating factors were also determined. Crossing between the monokaryons derived from the two strains and screening of the hybrids thus obtained were conducted. Four highly productive hybrids, i.e. B112, B012, B030 and B011, were obtained. The hybrid B112 produced large fruit bodies with a small cap, an equal to fusiform stipe, a medium soft and fine texture. The hybrid B012 produced stout fruit bodies with a prominent eccentric or lateral stipe and a fan-shaped cap of which surface produced warts during a high humid condition. Its stipe was equal and solid, and consisted of a white and very fine texture. The hybrid B030 produced slender fruit bodies with a medium size, and with a round cap, an equal and solid stipe. This hybrid was inclined to produce many small fruit bodies when the humidity of the cropping room was not properly controlled during cultivation. The hybrid B011 was inclined to produce stout fruit bodies with a large cap and a white and solid stipe. These productive hybrids of the fungus took 54.4 to 60 days from inoculation to the end of crop and they reacted differently to the composition of substrate in the aspect of productivity. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。