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題名 | 「偶然性」觀點之道德政治批判=Critique of Moral Politics: From a View of "Contingency" |
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作者 | 王賀白; | 書刊名 | 臺灣人文生態研究 |
卷期 | 1:2 1999.03[民88.03] |
頁次 | 頁43-64 |
分類號 | 570 |
關鍵詞 | 偶然性; 必然性; Contingency; Necessity; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文首先提出「道德政治之謎」,作為全文問題意識之所在:那就是,我們何以 在政治理論的範疇中,否認道德的客觀實在性,但卻在政治實踐的結果中,卻又要求這個實 在性。之後,在以康德為主的「道德政治理想」和以馬基維利為主的「道德政治現實」討論 中,更進一步說明這「道德政治之謎」的困境。本文認為,馬克思思想中的「偶然性」觀點 ,對解開「道德政治之謎」極為重要。然而,馬克思主義在「偶然性」與「必然性」的矛盾 中,並未為道德政治找到真正解決途徑,馬克思主義沒有一套漸進可行的道德哲學。本文認 為,從羅爾斯《一種正義理論》書中的「道德學習理論」,可以找到彌補馬克思主義這一方 面的不足。這個「道德學習理論」告訴我們:之所以要否認道德的客觀實在性,是因「權威 的」與「社團的」道德,只有自己階級類型的「必然性」,沒有他者的「偶然性」考量;而 之所以可以重新肯定道德的客觀實在性,是因道德學習後的「原則」道德,能夠兼顧自己的 「必然性」與他者的「偶然性」。如此,道德政治成為可能,「道德政治之謎」終可以解開 。 |
英文摘要 | This paper regards "the enigma of moral politics" as the main question: whatever people renounce the objective reality of the morality in the categories speculation, there is no doubt that they still demand the objective reality of the morality in the practical realization. First of all, I explore the extension of enigma between "the ideal of moral politics" from Kant's thought and "the reality of moral politics" from Machiavelli's. And then, the view from "contingency" indicates that the concept of contingency from Marxism can explain the enigma. However the explanation does not represent resolution, we may say there is no desirably moral philosophy in Marxism still. In a dilemma of this enigma, this paper argues that "Rawls' theory of moral learning" can fill up the deficiency of Marxism. The theory of moral learning demonstrates that: we should renounce the objective reality of the morality because the moralities of "authority" and "association" only have their own "necessities"; on the contrary, we could demand the objective reality of the morality because the morality of "principles" has both his own "necessity" and others "contingencies". Only do we develop the moral learning and reach the period of principle morality, moral politics may be expected and the eingma can finally be resolved. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。