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題 名 | 德國專利法制對電腦程式相關發明保護之研究=Study on the Protection of Computer-Program Related Inventions Under the German Patent Law |
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作 者 | 劉孔中; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 25 2000.01[民89.01] |
頁 次 | 頁393-425 |
分類號 | 440.6 |
關鍵詞 | 電腦程式; 可專利性; 核心理論; 德國專利商標局; 德國聯邦最高法院; Computer program; Patentability; Core theory; German Patent and Trademark Office; The German Federal Supreme Court; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 德國專利法在一九七八年修法以前,並未特別針對電腦程式相關發明之可專利性有任何規定。德國聯邦最高法院在法無明文之限制下,總共作出七個與此相關之判決。雖?此等介決並未對何謂電腦程式加以定義,但是卻反覆表示,電腦程式與專利要件之技術思想並非對立、互斥之概念,一項發明是否具有可專利性與其是否被定性或稱為或包裝為電腦程式無關。依據此等判決,電腦程式可分為技術性與非技術性二大類,前者與技術工具及技術處理過程結合,自然屬技術領域而具備可專利性;反之,後者只有在「為資料處理設備提供新穎的建構方式,或該設備可從中得出以往既非常見亦非顯而易見之新的使用方式時」,始具有可專利性,範圍很小。 德國專利法於一九七八年修正時,盲目因循歐洲專利公約,將「電腦程式本身」排除在可專利發明之外,但其立法者卻又明白表示並無意改變聯邦最高法院之立場。修法迄今,德國聯邦最高法院總共又作出了三個與此相關之判決,其中雖然仍未界定「電腦程式本身」,但是卻明顯放寬承認電腦程式具備技術性質之情形,使得直接涉及電腦本身功能並且使得該電腦之組件得以共同作用者,亦具備技術性與可專利性。此項見解,為聯邦專利法院廣泛應用,並已成為專利商標局之審查基準。展望未來,前述德國專利法及歐洲專利公約之規定很有可能被刪除。在此同時,歐洲專利局已開始授予電腦程式產品專利,基於德國致力於歐體法調和之一貫立場,此項見解應該亦會被德國接受。 |
英文摘要 | Prior to its 1978's amendment, the German Patent Law provided no specific rule regarding the patentability of computer-program related inventions. The German Federal Supreme Court has rendered 7 decisions on this issue even although not defining the term "computer program", repeatedly held that computer program and technology are not mutually excluding, and thar, the patentability of an invention does not depend on whether it is defined or branded as computer program. According to these decisions, computer programs can be classified into two groups, technical and non-technological. The former being integrated into technological instruments and/or technical process is thus technical in nature and patentable. The patentability of the latter depends on whether it provides data processing facilities with a new way of building or a new usage that is uncommon and non-obvious. In 1978 the German Patent Law followed blindly the European Patent Convention and excluded" computer programs as such "from patentable inventions, while its legislators maintained that the new law adheres to the decisions of the Federal Supreme Court. Up to the present, the Federal Supreme Court has made 3 new decisions on the matter which did not however define the term "computer programs as such" yet clearly broadened the possibility that computer programs be admitted as technical and therefore be patentable. The German Patent Court follows suit and makes extensive use of it. The Examination Guidelines of the German Patent and Trademark Office follow the Federal Supreme Court's decision almost word-by-word. It is widely expected and hoped that the said provision will be deleted both from the European and German Patent Law. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。