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題名 | 且趨且避--傳統中國因應痘疹間的曖昧與神奇=Embracement and Avoidance: Ambivalence and the Mystical Ancient Chinese Encounters with the Pox |
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作者 | 熊秉真; Hsiung, Ping-chen; |
期刊 | 漢學研究 |
出版日期 | 19981200 |
卷期 | 16:2=32 1998.12[民87.12] |
頁次 | 頁285-315 |
分類號 | 413.72 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 痘; 傳染病; 幼醫; 健康文化; 神奇; Pox; Infectious diseases; Perdiatric diseases; Health culture; Mystical; |
中文摘要 | 痘或痘疹是傳統時期中國幼兒疾病中最受重視,也可能是傳播面最廣的一種。本 文之作,除從比較疾病史和健康史的角度,欲究痘症在中國幼齡人口中的流傳狀況,近世醫 者之認識、調治、患者病家之調養,社會乃至政府之種種預防、疏解、禁絕之策等等措置之 外,最主要的,是想藉此肆虐中國四境之險疫為例,展現社會中對疾疢之認識,常是半知與 不解的混合,其因應的態度,也往往既迎還拒、喜憂互摻,其中的曖昧曲折,神奇驚異之態 ,頗有出乎一般醫療與社會文化史之意外者。尤其此一趨避之道,一則由閃避路線導出了稀 痘諸方、避痘之策,另一方面又由歡迎、加強的路線引出了種痘之試,與人痘之方。這種中 國式的預防之道,正是這既趨(用接解種痘造成出痘)且避(又要注意稀痘、稀毒)態度的 極致表現。此一實例相當具體、傳神、且戲劇化地展示出疾病與健康文化之多方面與多重性 格。邏輯上似相衝突矛盾的理路與態度,可以在人群生活中完全並存而不察,外人看來明明 相反的主張和作為,也可以用一種曖昧而神奇的關係共生不悖。 |
英文摘要 | The present paper undertakes a historical study of Chinese encounters with the poxes, the most prevalent and destructive of the pediatric diseases in late imperial China. Using pediatric texts and other historical sources, I first document the shifts in medical understanding of the origins and causes of the pox during the above historical period. I then describe the various approaches to pox diagnosis and treatment, as well as commonly prescribed formulas in clinical practice and advice given for the daily care of smallpox patients. Next follows an explanation of the preventative measures which developed out of the medical-folkloric discourse on the pox at that time. In conclusion, I analyze the interactive cultural aspects of disease, health, medicine and popular belief systems to show the role of ambivalence and the mystical in creating attitudes and methods of body management which are characterized by both embracement and avoidance. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。