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題 名 | 蜱媒介人畜共通「萊姆病」=Tick-Borne Lyme Disease |
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作 者 | 師健民; | 書刊名 | The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences |
卷 期 | 14:附冊 民87.07 |
頁 次 | 頁11-17 |
專 輯 | 第十屆病媒防治技術研討會專輯 |
分類號 | 415.291 |
關鍵詞 | 萊姆病; 病媒蜱; 螺旋體; Lyme disease; Tick; Spirochete; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 「萊姆病」是一種經由病媒蜱(俗稱壁蝨)叮咬而傳播之人畜共通傳染病(zoonosis),其致病原為伯氏疏螺旋體(Borrelia burgdorferi),在自然界以野生囓齒類及哺乳類動物為主要儲菌宿主(reservoir hosts),人類感染乃機會性的藉由感染性蜱的叮咬而致病,並且以在流行區的戶外工作、野營(旅遊)活動或經由家飼寵物之媒介為主要感染途徑。人類感染萊姆病後會產生多系統之病變,感染早期病人出現類似感冒之頭痛、發燒、寒慄及全身疲勞等症狀,並且大多數病患會在叮咬局部皮膚出現遊走性皮膚紅暈(erythema chronicum migrans)。感染中、晚期將導致心肌、神經系統及膝關節等方面之病變,並出現心包囊炎、單(雙)側性膝關節炎及顏面麻痺等臨床病症。萊姆病感染之早期診斷及適當治療效果甚佳,然由於各種診斷方法之敏感性及專一性不一,在確認診斷時必需配合臨床病症及蜱暴露病史而予以研判。萊姆病防治工作主要著重於減少病媒蜱族群及妥切之個人防護措施,尤其應定期篩檢家飼寵物身上有無蜱之寄生,以減少人們暴露於蜱之叮咬。臺灣地區屬於亞熱帶氣候,加上人口稠密及人畜接觸機會之頻繁,非常有利蜱媒傳染病之散播,而突發性蜱媒傳染病之防治工作,亦將成為國家防疫工作之重點。 |
英文摘要 | Lyme disease is a tick-transmitted infectious zoonosis. The etiological agent responsible for Lyme disease is named as Borrelia burgdorferi that was perpetuated in the natural hosts of rodents and small mammals. Human infection was acquired mainly by the infective tick-bites, and was attributed to the variety of professional and recreational outdoor activities. Lyme disease infection may cause multisystem human illness; it usually begins with an expanding annular skin lesion known as erythema chronicum migrans (ECM) that is often accompanied by flu-like symptoms. During the chronic (disseminated) infection, patients may develop cardiac, neurological, or articular abnormalities which appeared with the clinical manifestations of pericarditis, facial palsy, or oligoarticular arthritis, especially in the knee joints. Prevention of infection may result from the early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Due to the inevitable variation of diagnostic tests, a confirmatory diagnosis should rely on clinical manifestations, tick-exposure, and serological analysis. The efforts for decreasing tick population, appropriate personal protection, and routine screening for ticks on pets would beneficial to the control of Lyme disease infection. The risk of acquiring infection by human population in Taiwan was relatively increased by the variety of recreational activities between human and pets. The emerging tick-borne infections may become a major task for the National Quarantine Service. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。