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題名 | 貧窮門檻對貧窮率與貧窮人口組成之影響=The Effect of Poverty Thresholds on Poverty Rates and Poverty Population Compositions |
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作者 | 林美伶; 王德睦; | 書刊名 | 臺灣社會福利學刊 |
卷期 | 1 2000.09[民89.09] |
頁次 | 頁93-124 |
分類號 | 548.16 |
關鍵詞 | 貧窮門檻; 最低生活費用標準; 均等比; Poverty threshold; Minimal living standard; Equivalence scale; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 貧窮門檻為決定貧窮人口之第一要件,影響貧窮率為貧窮人口組成甚鉅。本文依據行政院主計處家庭收支調查1995-1997年的訪問調查戶資料設定較適當的貧窮門檻,並分析不同的貧窮門檻對於貧窮率與貧窮人口組成的影響。分析結果發現臺灣的官訂貧窮門檻(最低生活費用標準)確實低估了低收入戶貧窮率,不過低估的幅度有限,就貧戶率來看僅約0.33至0.93個百分點,而貧民率更少,僅約0.04至0.55個百分點。不過,雖然官訂貧窮門檻的不適當對全部人口的貧窮率效果有限,然而對某些類型的家戶卻有顯著影響,如小戶量家戶與老人家戶。採用適當的貧窮門檻後,這些類型家戶的貧窮率明顯上升,甚至高到足以改變貧窮人口組成。透過分解貧窮門檻水準、均等比與地區需求差異指標的影響後發現,均等比為促成貧窮人口組成改變的關鍵。因此,臺灣實應重新建構一考量均等比的貧窮門檻,以確實納入需要政府幫助的貧窮人口。 |
英文摘要 | Poverty threshold is the single most important factor in determining the poverty population. It also affects the poverty rate and the composition of the poverty population. The present study uses household income survey data for the 1995-1997 period complied by the Bureau of Accounting, Executive Yuan in an attempt to establish a more appropriate level of poverty threshold. We analyze the effects of using different levels of the poverty threshold on poverty rates and on poverty population compositions. We found that the official poverty threshold did indeed underestimate the poverty rates but the range of underestimation was relatively small. The range of underestimation for the poverty households was from .33% to .93% and for poverty rate the range was even smaller from a low of .004% to .55%. Even though the official poverty threshold is inappropriately low and its effects on the poverty rate of the entire population is limited, it did have significant effects on other segments of the population. These were particularly true for the smaller size households and for the households with only elderly members. Once a more appropriate poverty threshold was used the poverty rate among these households increase significantly to the point that the results could change the poverty population composition. In our further analyses using poverty thresholds, equivalence-scale, and regional demand differential index, we found that equivalence-scale was a key factor in changing poverty population composition. It is our conclusion that in Taiwan, there is a real need to construct an “equivalence-scaled poverty threshold” so that those poor who need governmental assistance do indeed included in the poverty population. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。