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題 名 | 地圖知識正式化之研究--以自動化繪圖的圖面配置為例=Formalizing Cartographic Knowledge for Layout Design in Automatic Mapping |
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作 者 | 張春蘭; | 書刊名 | 地理學報 |
卷 期 | 28 2000.12[民89.12] |
頁 次 | 頁1-15 |
分類號 | 326.8 |
關鍵詞 | 知識正式化; 地圖圖元; 自動化繪圖; 圖元配置; Formalizing knowledge; Map elements; Automatic mapping; Layout design; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 使用地理資訊系統的最後階段,往往會將成果繪製成地圖輸出。而一張完整的地目,需要搭配圖框、圖名,圖例、插圖、比例尺、指北針和圖文說明等圖元,設計成一幅完整的地圖。近幾年來,市面上較進步的電腦繪圖軟體,已開始提供一些圖元配置格式以供使用者參考,但所考慮的條件還不甚周詳,配置之結果也不盡理想,使用者還需下功夫加以調整,形成出圖過程的一個瓶頸。 為了尋求將來能發展自動化繪圖圖面配置知識之正式化,在過去相關的研究中,曾分別以形狀、大小和位置為主題,歸納過一系列隱含有地圖專家經驗的圖元配置關係。本研究將這些個別影響圖元的變數加以彙整,根據配置程序,整合出圖元之間的配置法則和流程,建立了配置地圖最常用的版面型式之典範。 本文進一步依照這些彙整出來的知識結構、程序、法則和公式,以電腦交談方式實際應用在地理資訊系統的繪圖軟體中,證實具有研發的可行性,並奠定地圖配置方面的研究基礎。再透過問卷調查的回應,顯示以知識配置的地圖,品質確實較為優良,而在配置的執行與成果中發現局部待改善的地方,正是未來相關研究值得深入探討的課題。未來若能將這些成果建構在軟體中,不僅有助於相關研究的進行,也可提供一般繪圖軟體的使用者,容易有效地產生一幅較理想的地圖。 |
英文摘要 | In using geographic information system (GIS) for data manipulation, we usually need to present the results through maps. A map usually consists of several elements including a frame, title, legend, scale bar, north arrow, as well as text and other explanatory graphics. Recently, some computer graphic software has been to provide simple layout templates. However, using these automatic map layout devices seldom gives satisfactory results and users have to adjust some of these map elements manually in order to create the format they want. In order to formalize automatic mapping layout design-knowledge, there is a need for the basic data, including shape, size and relative position of specific features to be processed according to rules designed by experienced cartographers. The present study reports on the creation of a series of generalized map-layout rules as a series of layout templates. The generalized mapping rules and procedures are then applied to GIS graphic software through computer interactive mode. This research results provide preliminary basis and show the potential for further research on map design. The analysis of questionnaires confirms that better information transmission has been achieved by knowledge-based map design. Problems encountered during the process of applying the developed design process deserves further study. Incorporation of the research results in future graphics software should facilitate the production of much better maps. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。