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題 名 | 兒童顱內壓升高之診斷與處置=Diagnosis and Management of Increased Intracranial Pressure |
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作 者 | 何慈育; 陳錫洲; 喻永生; | 書刊名 | 國防醫學 |
卷 期 | 31:3 2000.09[民89.09] |
頁 次 | 頁220-227 |
專 輯 | 兒科急診專輯 |
分類號 | 417.582 |
關鍵詞 | 顱內壓升高; 腦之赫尼亞症候群; 視神經乳突水腫; 庫欣氏反應; Increased intracranial pressure; IICP; Brain herniation syndrome; Papilledema; Cushing's response; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 顱內壓升高為小兒科的急症之一。而引起顱內壓升高的原因有許多,譬如顱骨縫合封閉過早、顱內出血、感染、腫瘤、代謝疾病、及水腦症等。臨床上顱內壓升高的表現症狀,會因患者的年齡與顱內壓壓力升高的速率快慢不同,而出現不一樣的症狀;而且顱內壓壓力變化的速度遠較年齡的影響來的大。一般顱內壓升高的症狀有頭痛、噁心、嘔吐、人格改變、及複視等。對於新生兒或幼兒,則常會出現尖銳哭鬧及頭圍變大的情形。侄於治療方式,應儘快給予降腦壓治療;例如使用過度換氣法、提高患者頭部、滲透性製劑、類固醇、及巴比特鹽劑等。此外,應儘可能對於造成顱內壓升高的致病因,予以正確的診斷,以期能使患者得到適當的治療,及達到最佳的預後。 |
英文摘要 | Increased intracranial pressure (IICP) is a true emergency in pediatrics. The causes of IICP include craniosynostosis, intracranial hemorrhage, infection, tumors, metabolic disorders, and hydrocephalus, etc. the clinical features of IICP depend on the child's age and the arte of IICP. Symptoms and signs of IICP are nonspecific, e.g. headache, nausea, vomiting, change in personality, and diplopia. Shrill cry and large head are expressed frequently in infants and toddlers. Several measures to lower increased intracranial pressure are available, including head elevation, hypothermia, hyperventilation, osmotic diuretics, corticosteroids, and pentobarbital coma. It should be managed as early as possible. However, treatments should be pointed at the underlying causes of the IICP. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。