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頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 從媒體結構多樣化,論開放電話業者從事有線電視服務之可行性=On the Feasibility of Allowing Telcos to Engage in the Cable TV Services in the Light of Media Structure Diversification |
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作 者 | 廖元豪; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 20 1997.07[民86.07] |
頁 次 | 頁59-99 |
分類號 | 557.77 |
關鍵詞 | 電話業者; 有線電視服務; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在傳播通訊媒介邁向整合的今日,為了促進整合國家資訊通信基本建設(NII)的完 成,並符合傳播媒體整合的趨勢,在法律上開放電話業者從事有線電視服務已是必然之事。 但是在「開放」之際,決策者不可忽略媒體中最基本的一項價值--媒體結構的多樣化。電話 業者跨業經營有線電視的限制,是否打破、何時打破、乃至如何打破,都必須審慎考量此類 的「開放」措施是否與媒體多樣化的價值能夠一致。本文即以傳播媒體結果多樣化的價值取 向,檢驗開放電話業者從事有線電視服務之可行性。 從「多樣化」的價值出發,相關法律必須能夠促進不同媒體之間的競爭。換言之,應該 讓各類的傳播媒體都能有發展、競爭的機會,並令閱聽人有著更廣泛的選擇。鑑諸美國管制 有線電視產業的經驗,即可看出有線電視發展的初期,國會限制市場進入的機會,並禁止經 濟力強大的地方電話業者從事有線電視服務,以保障初萌芽的有線電視產業能夠充分發展。 而一九九六年電信法修正時,則鑑於有線電視產業早已蓬勃壯大,甚至產生壟斷現象,因此 廢除電話業者跨業經營的限制,期使有線電視業者能夠受到競爭的壓力。 我國有線電視市場的發展尚待觀察,而中華電信公司則獨占了固定通信網路業務的市場 。如果貿然開放電話業者從事有線電視服務,恐怕發展中的有線電視系統業者很快的遭到淘 汰,反而導致市場的壟斷,與媒體結構多樣化的價值顯不符合。因此在開放跨業經營之前, 應先修改有線電視法,將上游的節目、顏道業者一起納入規範,以促成整合卻又多樣化的市 場;並先行讓有線電視業者從事電信服務。同時更應加快第一類電信事業市場開放競爭的腳 步。在這些步驟完成後,再開放電話事業從事有線電視服務,方能促成真正的競爭市場,達 到媒體結構多樣化的目標。 |
英文摘要 | To develop a nationwide interactive broadband communications network, and to meet the trends of communications technological convergence, eliminating the cable-telco cross-ownership prohibition seems unavoidable. Before decisionmakers repeal the cross-ownership bar, the supreme value of communication law and policy-diversity in the media marketplace structure-shall not be ignored. Such "deregulatory" measures have to be consistent with the value of diversity. This article employs the diversity value as the criterion to assess the feasibility of allowing the telcos to engage in the cable TV services. From a diversity perspective, communications law must be able to promote the intermedia competition. In other words, the market structure should leave various medias to originate, to develop, thereby the viewers can obtain widest choices. In the United States, when the cable industry was in its infancy, the relevant statutes prohibited telcos from providing video programming to subscribers in their respective local service area. But since passage of the 1984 Cable Act, the cable industry has undergone rapid growth, and this resulted in undue. So Congress passed the 1996 Telecommunications Act, which drop the telco ban, to introduce competitors into the cable service industry. The purpose of such deregulatory measures is to promote competition in cable communications, and to assure the diversity value. In Taiwan, the cable market is developing, but the telephone market is a relatively monopolist one. The National Chinese Telecommunications Company (NCTC) is still with dominant market power. Under such circumstances, if the cross-ownership ban is repealed imminently, many developing cable operators will be expelled, and the telcos-especially NCTC-will extend the dominant position in telecommunications market to cable service market. The result is lesser competition, and the diversity value will not be achieved. To avoid such nightmares, this article suggests that the Cable Television Act should be revised before deregulation. In addition to operators, the programmers and multichannel video programming distributors should be included as regulated subjects; and the established cable operators should be allowed to enter into the telephone market before the telcos engage in cable services. Following such steps, the cable service market can be both convergent and diversity. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。