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題 名 | 論電信事業價格調整上限管制制度=On "Price-cap" Control Scheme |
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作 者 | 高凱聲; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 23 1999.01[民88.01] |
頁 次 | 頁31-59 |
分類號 | 557.71 |
關鍵詞 | 電信事業; 電信資費; 價格調整上限; Telecommunication business; Telecommunication fee; Price cap; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 在國內電信市場結構已逐漸開放情形下,為配合電信自由化,建立我國電信事業 資費管制制度,我國電信主管當局業經研究,擬由過去獨占市場時期所採行「投資報酬率 」管制法,改採用「價格調整上限」管制法。價格調整上限管制法之公式為CPI-X;前者是 消費者物價指數以行政院公佈之年指標為準,後者是效率調整因子經由相關資料計算後獲 致。『X值』計算:應包含兩個項目;其一是業者生產要素價格變動指數,設計為負值。另 一則是業者生產力變動指數,設計為正值。二者採年平均淨值,加以估算。 『X值』估算程序宜由電信管理機關先公告X值計算項目內涵,由業者先行計算提出X值 試算值,再經過主管機關審查評估後確定X值。制度實施初期X值不宜訂得太高,而後每四 年調整一次以吻合市場之實際需要。 價格調整上限管制法對生產業者的經營效率有長期正面之誘因,對消費者亦能使之享 有較低廉價格,是一種用經濟手段解決市場價格問題的雙贏管制策略。國外自1984年起陸 續將電信市場自由化,改用價格調整上限管制法取代早期的投資報酬率管制法亦蔚為風尚 ,目前已獲致良好管制績效。電信事業是國際性產業,我國應及早推行藉以提升經營效率 和確保消費者之權益。 各國政府為防止具市場力量之廠商濫用其市場力量,獲取不當利潤,進而傷害到消費 者權益,故在產業經濟的公共政策作法上主要有;對價格採取管制、立法以規範具市場力 量廠商的行為、及對消費者採取保護等措施。在我國公營事業曾經是產業主流,在行政院 下設有公營事業費率管理委員會,其專司國內公營事業價格之管制。電信事業在國內原屬 公營事業體,其價格即所謂電信資費自民國七十一年起便受到立法院通過的電信資費計算 公式所管制。然而,電信自由化風潮業已吹遍全球,獨占經營的景象終將走入歷史。因此 ,電信資費計算公式應否回歸市場經濟制度面,始有進一步探討之必要。 依據我國現行電信法第二十六條第一項規定:第一類電信事業資費之計算公式由電信 總局擬定,報請交通部核轉行政院送請立法院審定之;變更時亦同。為配合此一規定,及 推動國內電信自由化需要,電信總局於民國八十五年改制後便積極研究期能建立起公民營 一體適用之電信資費管制制度。在參照世界各國現行電信資費管制趨勢,委請國內學術單 位研究,並在多次公聽會後,終於決定採用價格調整上限(price cap)管制措施,以取代現 行投資報酬率(rate of return on investment)管制制度。 價格調整上限管制制度之採用可說是開我國產業價格管制之先河,有撰文詳述之必要 。值此一制度之計算公式暨將隨電信法修正案報請立法院審定之際,本文僅就價格管制理 論依據、世界發展趨勢、各國採行情形、我國對計算方式設計內涵以及其模擬情形作有系 統之介紹。期使此一制度經過公開披露與討論後,能更周延且獲致國人共識,進而能提升 電信經營績效、健全競爭機制,使我國電信市場能持續蓬勃發展。 |
英文摘要 | The domestic telecom market has been opened up for competition. In order to keep pace with the telecom liberalization, our telecom authority has studied domestic telecom tariff scheme. In the past period of telecom monopoly. "rate-of-return" control scheme has been applied within our economy. Recently we plan to adopt "price-cap" mechanism. The formula of "price-cap" mechanism is CPI-X. CPI stands for index for consumer prices, which are absed on the annual indicator being publicly announced by the Executive Yuan. X is the factor for adjustment of efficiency, which factor will be obtained through the calculation of relevant information. Calculation of X value should include two items. One is the variable index for costs of service providers' input, which value is negative. The other is the variable index of service providers' output, which value is positive. Both two variable indices are calculated according to annual net value. As for the process for calculation of X value, telecom regulatory authority will publicly announce the calculation itwms. Service provider will then calculat and submit the tentative X value, which value will be ascertained after the examination and evaluation of the authority concerned. For the initial period, it is not proper to decide the X with high value. After that period, the X value should be adjusted every four years to meet the actual needs in telecom market. "Price-cap" mechanism will be a long-term positive inducement to the performance of manufacturers. Such mechanism will also enable consumers to enjoy services with much lower prices. Beginning from 1984, telecom markets in other economies in the world has been liberalized one after another, and the application of "price-cap" mechanism instead of "rate-of-return" mechanism has become a global tendency. Up to present, "price-cap" mechanism has resulted in good performance. As telecom industry has being internationalized, "price-cap" mechanism should be applied in our econmy to promote operators' performance and safeguard consumers' interests. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。