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題名 | 風水與報應:一個臺灣農村的例子=Feng-shui and Retribution: A Cast Study from a Southern Taiwan Village |
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作者姓名(中文) | 葉春榮; | 書刊名 | 中央研究院民族學研究所集刊 |
卷期 | 88 2000.06[民89.06] |
頁次 | 頁233-257 |
分類號 | 294 |
關鍵詞 | 風水; 漢人社會; 人的觀念; 祖先祭拜; Feng-shui; Han society; The concept of the person; Ancestor worship; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文討論Maurice Freedman 提出的風水議題。Freedman 認為人死後氣會經過屍 骨影響到子孫,子孫為了自己的幸福,常常央請風水先生到處尋找吉地埋葬祖先。已經 成了一副骨頭的祖先好像除了被子孫利用外,根本無可奈何,祖先的骨骸像是傀儡一樣 被子孫操弄。而子孫各房之間為了自己最大的利益,總是找對自己最有利的地點,因而 造成各房之間的爭執。 Freedman 的說法後來引起一些人類學家的討論。emily ahern 根據她在臺北縣三 峽鎮溪南的例子首先反駁Freedman 的說法。她認為祖先的骨骸要是被葬在好地方就會 庇佑子孫,被葬在壞地方會致禍於子孫,顯示祖先的骨骸有其自主的作用,而不是 Freedman 所說的傀儡。接著李亦園、韓國的任敦姬也各自提出他們不同的看法。 在本文裡,筆者指出,對Freedman 來說,天理而不是風水才是影響子孫吉凶休咎 的最終因素,因此祖先的骨骸是被動還是主動根本不重要。換句話說,風水只是報應的 手段而已。筆者根據在臺南山區一個小村落的資料來討論Freedman 所提出的風水問 題,筆者認為葫蘆的例子基本上支持Freedman 的說法,也就是說地理是個機械式作用 的機制,葬在好地方就庇佑子孫,葬在壞地方也致禍於子孫。但是葫蘆人普遍相信地理 之外還有更高的天理在干預,也就是天理昭彰善有善報,惡有惡報的觀念。 |
英文摘要 | Maurice Freedman argues in his various discussions of feng-shui (風水) that the dead are made over into the passive pawns of their descendants and professional geomancers. Simply put, descendants seek a favorable fend-shui site for the burial of their dead in order to reap the rewards of wealth, numerous offspring, and high official rank. The extent literature already includes several discussions of Freedman's analysis of Chinese fend-shui. Emily Ahern, for instance, suggests that it is the ancestors in the graves rather than the abstract forces of qi( 氣 ) who are the source of the benefits that flow from an advantageous feng-shui site. ancestors in graves with good fend-shui are happy and helpful to their descendants; ancestors in graves with bad feng-shui are unhappy and punish their descendants. Ahern thus argues that ancestors retain their own volition and agency in passing out fortune and misfortune. Yih-yuan Li, Dawnhee Yim Janelli and other scholars provide yet other perspectives on Freedman's discussions of feng-shui, In this article, I use field data from Hulu Village, in southern Taiwan, for yet another perspective on Freedman's own interpretation of feng-shui and how other researchers have critiqued that interpretation. Residents of Hulu Village hold that feng-shui works mechanically, but its consequences are filtered through the principles of heavven (tian-li 天理 )and retribution (pao-ying 報應 )so that the otherwise mechanical consequences of feng-shui are themselves reoriented in line with local moral principles. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。