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題 名 | 大專聯考壓力對青少年健康的影響--追蹤研究=Follow-up Study of Examination Stress on Health of Adolescents in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 張珏; | 書刊名 | 中華心理學刊 |
卷 期 | 29:2 1987.12[民76.12] |
頁 次 | 頁93-112 |
分類號 | 521.1 |
關鍵詞 | 大專聯考; 升學壓力; 青少年; 健康; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 以兩年追蹤研究方式,探討580位高中或專科學生,就其是否參與聯考來比較聯考這壓力源對青少年健康的影響情形,結果得知:1.在聯考與健康關係上:(a)聯考組比非聯考組有自我陳述身心症狀的次數增加,壓力症候群有18項之多,較屬腸胃、情緒與肌肉緊張有關方面。(b)行為習慣改變上,聯考組比非聯考組有較多的改變,其中包括飲食方面食補的增加、提神飲料增加。休閒活動方面減少、人際互動減少,與情緒宣洩哭的次數增加。(c)在一般健康量表上,則聯考組與非聯考組皆表現出因年級增高而增加身體反應、焦態失眠的分數,在社會功能失調上,則聯考組大於非聯考組;在憂鬱分數上,則非聯考組大於聯考組。2.個人體認聯考壓力較大者,其健康反應會差。3.個人有較多社會支持者,其健康影響較小。4.個人特質中,在考試焦慮反應上,聯考組男生與非聯考組女生,有因年級增加而升高的現象,尤以情緒部份為主。自尊分數聯考組高於非聯考組。成就動機與教育價值觀都有下降的趨勢,但在教育價值觀上非聯考組得分較高,表現較受傳統社會對考試成就的期許。5.在預測一般健康量表的影響因子中,以過去健康狀況、考試焦慮、聯考壓力影響較大解釋力在37-43間。 |
英文摘要 | Based on the panel study with a comparison group research design, 580 12th grade students were participated in this study. For those 505 students who are going to take the University Entrance examination (UEE) in senior high school were the study group (one boys' and one girls' senior high). For those 75 students who are not going to take the UEE in one teachers college with same sex and grade were the comparison group. The students are selected through a randomly clustering sampling technique based on class as a unit in the prior study. The study period will be similar as the prior study, conducted during March and April, 1986. Results are shown as follows: 1. Relationship between UEE stressor and health: (a). The self-report symptoms are 18 items increased in UEE group in contrast to only five items fluctuated in non-UEE group. (b). The habits changed more in UEE group than in non-UEE. Those includes: increasing in food intake and stimulant drinking, decreasing in leisure activities and interpersonalinteraction. (c). On GHQ scale, all subscale scores are increased in both groups while increasing thegrade. The social dysfunction scale of the UEE group shows higher score than the non-UEE's.The depression scale shows lower in UEE group. 2. The more individual perceived stress, the worse the health condition. 3. The more the social support, the better the health condition. 4. Those back-ground characteristics shows that: the test anxiety increased by grade, the achievement motivation score and educational value decreased by grade. The self-esteem scoresare higher in the UEE group than non-UEE. 5. Those variables which can predict 37-43 of the GHQ scores are: past health score, test anxiety, and perceived UEE stress. The implications of this study, although with restricted generalizability, still provide some evidence on the relationship between the impact of UEE on health of adolescents, the differentlevels of perceived stress and stress reactions, as well as the specific characteristics of students under stress. In addition, possible stress management programs can be designed based on different needs of the students who are under stress should be available. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。