頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 漢人社會的神判儀式初探:從斬雞頭說起=Chicken-Beheading: Rituals and Divine Justice in Chinese Society |
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作者姓名(中文) | 康豹; | 書刊名 | 中央研究院民族學研究所集刊 |
卷期 | 88 2000.06[民89.06] |
頁次 | 頁173-202 |
分類號 | 534.33 |
關鍵詞 | 儀式; 正義; 斬雞頭; 放告; 審瘋子; Ritual; Justice; Chicken-beheading rituals; Filing indictments; Trials of the insane; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 李亦園先生曾經發表過有關「斬雞頭」的短文。由於拜讀李先生大作的啟發,筆 者遂對此一題目產生很大的興趣。我認為斬雞頭可以說是一種「神判儀式」,而人們會透過 這種儀式,祈請神明裁決他們無法解決之爭議。在中國東南沿海地區和臺灣漢人社會裡,最 主要的神判儀式為「斬雞頭、「放告」 (又叫做「告陰狀」 ) 和「審瘋子」。 本文主要是 對這三種儀式做一概括性的討論,至於更進一步地,或是區域性的深入探討,則有待日後的 努力。至於這些儀式的社會文化內涵,筆者以為它們雖然是一種宗教活動,但主要在處理現 世的社會問題,因此或許可以人類學家特納 (Victor Turner 1920 ∼ 1983) 所提出的「社 會劇場」和「受難儀式」這兩個觀念來解釋。 |
英文摘要 | This paper, inspired by Li Yih-yuan's 1977 study of chicken-beheading rituals (chan chi-t'ou 斬雞頭 ), focuses on the ways in which China's underworld deities (especially the City God, the Emperor of the Easter Peak, and the Bodhisattva Ksitigargha) also administered justice for the living in their own temples. The first part of the paper presents case studies of chicken-beheading rituals held at temples in Taiwan during the Japanese Occupation era (1895-1945). I then explore he origins of these rituals in Taoist rites, rites performed among non-Han peoples of southern China, and ancient Chinese blood oaths (hsueh-meng 血盟 ). The next section concerns the practice of filing indictments against the living (fang-kao 放告, kao yin-chuang 告陰狀 ),and the possible roots of these rites in medieval sepulchral plaints (chung-sung 塚訟 ). The final part of the paper treats trials of the insane (shen feng-tzu 審瘋子 )held in temples. The paper concludes by considering the ways in which these various rituals may represent efforts at coping with social tensions, as well as their theoretical significance for scholars of Chinese and world religions. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。