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題 名 | 臺灣旱地作物水分生之研究 (第三報 不同栽培期大豆全生育期之吸水特性及表土乾燥對大豆生育影響之研究=Pyhsiological Studies on the Plant/Water Relationships of Dryland Crops of Taiwan (III.) Studies on the Characteristics of Water Absorption of Various Crop Seasons of Soybean and the Effect of the Dry Superficial Soil on the Growth of Soybean |
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作 者 | 陳雪貞; 陳清義; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 59 民56.09 |
頁 次 | 頁49-64 |
關鍵詞 | 臺灣; 旱地作物; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 為提供臺灣主要旱作灌溉所需之基本資料,利用自行設計之自動灌水式根層吸水測定裝置,對各季作大豆之耗水情形,根之活動情形及表土乾旱對根活動情形之影響進行比較研究,獲得極有趣的結果,茲摘要於下: (一)大豆全生育期之吸水變化,乃由地上部之生長情形,尤其為葉數的消長,天候的變遷及根吸水能,葉蒸散能之增減等因子組合而決定。 (二)大豆全生育期之吸水變化過程雖有品種間的差異,但依栽植期而發生之差別更甚。尤其是在高溫下生長的夏作大豆,其吸水量之增加程度最著,其全生育期之吸水總量為秋作大豆之7.7倍。 (三)最大吸水期均出現於子實發育期前後,但因栽植期而有不同,尤其是維持最大吸水期之時間,春作及夏作較為短暫,秋作吸水曲線的頂部則趨於平頭狀(圖3~圖7)。 (四)開花期前後(圖7)及子實發育期(圖6)易受外因變化之影響,故此時期大氣之蒸發量減少,大豆之吸水量亦隨之而減少。 (五)不同生育期之根吸水能力:春作為壯葉期>老葉期>幼葉期,夏作為幼葉期>壯葉期>老葉期,而秋作為壯葉期>幼葉期>老葉期。 (六)根由第二層以下之土層吸收水分之開始及其吸水之變化過程因栽植季節而異。此點在決定一次灌溉水量時必須加以注意。 (七)根之吸水型不一定與根之分佈情形符合,且依栽植時期而不同,吸水型在秋作呈所謂標準(Typical)型,春作呈深層型,而夏作則呈兩者之中間型。 (八)表土稍乾時,根之分佈雖無顯著差異,但其吸水型則發現極大之差異(圖9及圖10),而與正常者(圖8)完全不同。 (九)本省作物對栽植季節及土壤乾濕所呈反應極為複雜,故進行灌溉管理上須有適應不同栽植季節之管理方法。 |
英文摘要 | It is a brand new industry to irrigate upland crops in Taiwan. There are great lack of the essential reference for rationalization of water management of crops production. In order to provide the essential reference for the irrigation of some important dryland food crops ofTaiwan, the weiter has designed an autoirrigated separating determination apparatus to ascertain the water consumption and root activity of various crop seasons of soybean, and the effect of the dry superficial soil on the root activity of soybean, The interesting rsults obtained were as follow: 1. The decision of the fluctuation of water absorbed by the growing period of soybean lies on the growth of shoot (expecially the number of leaf), the change of weather, the ability of root absorption, and the transpiration rate of the leaf. 2. The difference of water absorption of soybean during growing period in the various crop seasons is greater than in the varieties. The water absorbed by the soybean planted in the high temperature summer season, is the greatest. It is more than 7.7 times of the water absorbed by fall crop. 3. The period of the greatest water absorption appear to be about the pod developing stage of soybean. There are differences in various crop season of soybean. It hold a short time in spring crop and summer crop of soybean. The peak of the water absorption curve of fall crop soybean approaches to level. 4. It is easy to be affected by external environffiental factors about the bloom stage (Fig. 7) and pod development stage (Fig. 6), the water absorption is decreased proportionally to evaporation in this period. 5. The ability of water absorbed by root in differ growing period as follow: In spring crop, young leaf period >adult leaf period >old leaf period, while summer crop, young leaf period >adult leaf period >old leaf period, fall crop, adult leaf period >young leaf period >old leaf period. 6. The beginning period and fluctuation of water absorbed by root in secondary layer is different in crop seasons. It must be attended to the determination of amount of water to irrigate field. 7. The soil water absorption patten, which differs in various crop seasons, is not always the same as the root system growth. The water absorption pattern in fall crop is typical type (▽), in spring crop is deep layer type, and in summer crop is between the two. 8. Though there are no significant differences in the root system growth, but there are widely different in water absorption pattern while the superficial soil had been dry (Fig. 8, 9, 10). 9. The crop season and dry superficial soil had been the complex affecting factors in Taiwan, therefore, a good method of water and fertilizer management which is aptitide for the various crop seasons must be developed. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。