頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 茶樹新梢茸毛之形態變異及其遺傳的研究=Studies on Heredity Variation and Morphology of Pubescences on the Young Shoots of Tea Plant |
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作者 | 吳振鐸; Wu, C. T.; |
期刊 | 中華農學會報 |
出版日期 | 19640900 |
卷期 | 47 民53.09 |
頁次 | 頁1-22 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 茶樹; 茸毛; |
英文摘要 | Pubescences occur on the under surface of young leaves of tea plant. When the young leaves come to maturity, the pubescences become dry and fall. But the production value of tea plant is determined by the quantity and quality of those young leaves. The appearance of made tea can be altered by the presence of pubescences which are one of the factors determining the price of made tea on the market. The objects of this paper were to (1) define the morphological characters of pubescences (2) investigate the effect of environmental variation and inheritance on the characters of pubescences and (3) study the relationships of quantity and quanlity of tea to the characters of pubescences in order to shorten the duration of tea breeding. During the past two years, this experiment was carried out in the Station. Its results may be summarized as follows: 1. Morphological characters of pubescences. The pubescence is a "unicellular", silky, soft and long hair (Fig. 4 and 5). It is formed by the "transverse division" of the elongating mother cell--the outer daughter cell forming the pubescence, the innor a basal cell in the epidermis (Fig. 7). The structure and chemical constituents of pubescences were observed by using 10% FeCl3 to safranin and fast green combination. This method of staining was developed by the auther. It was foung that there was a lot of total polyphenols contained in the cell sap of vacuoles, surrounding which was a thick wall containing caffeine as shown in the figures (Fig. 8). Both of polyphenols and caffeines are the main conponents of tea and most of them are soluble in tea infusion, therefore it seems logical to suggest that the characters of pubescences should give a useful indication of tea quality. Among the 72 local varieties, it was also found that the appearance or type of pubescences was similar to each other, but they were different in length and density on the under epidermis of tea leaves. (Fig. 6). 2. Sampling technique for the observation and estimation of tea pubescences. It was shown that the first leaves from the terminal of young shoots and the middle position near the mid-rib of the 1st leaves taken from the summer crop would be less variable as shown by the co-efficient of variation (Table 1 and 2). 3. From the classification of the 72 local varieties in accordance with the distribution and density of pubescences on tea leaves. It has been found that the distribution of pubescences may be one of the important factor in selecting parent material for tea breeding. (Table 3). 4. Among the local varieties, the length and density of pubescences were measured. It indicated that the difference between the var. sinensis and var. assamica was significant (Table 5). The length and density of pubescence for var. sinensis was on the average, 820.8 ±62.22 μ, and 14.64 ±2.43 hair/mm2 respectively. Data regarding var. assamica was 485.61 ±73.92 μ, and 14.4 ±5.00 hair/mm2 for the length and density of pubescences respectively. 5. The effect of environmental conditions. Variations of the length and density of pubescences from eight field experiments under a wide variety of climatical conditions were measurved in the year of 1963 and shown in table 8 and 9. It was found that the distribution of pubescences was very uniform. But different localities planted with new clone would alter the length and density of pubescences, and similar alteration were caused by shading and grafting. (Table 10). 6. The relationships of qualities of Black tea, Oolong tea, Pouchong tea and Green tea to the distribution and density of pubescences was significant as shown in table 11. It was considered that quality of made tea could be indicated reasonably by the characters of pubescences. 7. The relationship of annual yield of tea leaves to the distribution of pubescences was almost significant at 0.05 level (r =-0.1850). However, a negative correlation was also established between the contents of total polyphenols soluble in tea infusion and the density and distribution of pubescences (Table 13). 8. According to the frequency distributions of pubescences based on density and distribution of parents and F1 by controlled crossing (Table 14) no dominant factor was found in those quantitative traits and in the F1 which was appeared as a blend of the characters of the two parents. A series of independent genes for a given quantitative trait was assumed. Therefore it is suggested that selecting new clones for longer and denser pubescences from "clone selection" of Line segregation of Backcross was more efficient than from another methods. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。