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題名 | 東部茶樹剪枝時期、保溫與灌溉對春茶萌芽生長之影響= |
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作者 | 馮鑑淮; 陳國任; 陳右人; |
期刊 | 臺灣茶業研究彙報 |
出版日期 | 19940100 |
卷期 | 13 1994.01[民83.01] |
頁次 | 頁9-26 |
分類號 | 434.817 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 茶樹; 剪枝; 保溫; 灌溉; 萌芽; Tea plant; Pruning; Heat preservation; Irrigation; Bud burst; |
中文摘要 | 本試驗探討東部茶樹剪時期、保溫與灌溉對早春茶萌芽生長之影響,其結果摘要 如下: 採摘前20日調查茶芽發育狀況,以提早剪枝時期處理茶芽發育最快,一心四葉至六葉達 45.4%,顯示其萌芽最早,提早剪枝配合灌溉則一心四葉達20%發育反而較遲,正常剪枝加保 溫處理一心四葉及五葉達27.7%萌芽次早,但隧道式保溫成本高。由萌芽時期與發育結果顯 示提早萌芽以剪枝時期優於保溫及灌溉,提早剪枝時期為最簡便兼經濟有效之方法。 提早剪枝及延後剪枝900平方公分內嫩芽重8.73及7.55公克顯著優於不剪枝的0.35 公克。正常及提早剪枝者最長的芽長度分別達13.3及10.0cm較不剪枝的2.8cm差異顯著。 不剪枝之茶樹春茶萌芽過遲,以目前市場供需狀況並不宜採用。葉長度、寬度及面積,有剪 枝的茶樹剪枝時期較不剪枝長,且差異顯著。 正常剪枝者每株茶樹產量為63.8公克,提早剪枝者僅在配合灌溉下有增產效果,產量可 達73.8公克/株其餘各處理均低於正常剪枝處理,延後剪枝者除在塑膠布隧道內未加灌溉者 外,產量均較對照高,但除在保溫並施行灌溉外產期延後茶菁價格低生產效益反而較低。由 於台東地區早春茶菁價格與產期呈直線負相關,因此將收量與產期轉換成收益後,發現在施 行灌溉或保溫配合灌溉下正常剪枝及延後剪枝,均可提高收益。單純保溫之茶樹不論剪枝與 否或時期均減產且成本高,顯示在冬季無明顯低溫期的台東茶區不宜施行。台灣東部由茶菁 售價及總收入看單純以剪枝時期控制產期時,以12月5日至22日較適當,如能配合適當灌 溉以加速茶芽生長,則延後剪枝因產量高反而較為有利。 文中並討論保溫在台東地區對微氣候之改變,反而低產之原因。認為這種低產及生長不 良可在未萌芽之茶樹經由灌溉而克服,但對已萌芽之茶樹則加深其不利之影響。最後提出適 度的對灌溉水加溫可能是同時今後克服東部茶區冬季低溫與乾旱之最佳方法。 |
英文摘要 | Heat Preservation (with polyethylene and 75% shade net tunnel) and irrigation were used in a tea plantation with different pruning date, to overcome low temperature and drought during winter season in Taitung area of Taiwan. Bud burst, shoot growth and yield were very poor and harvesting date was very late in non pruning plot. Early pruning date got early harvest but a slightly lower yield than control, while late pruning plot. Early pruning date got early harvest but a slightly lower yield than control, while late pruning plot got 7 days later than early pruning plot, but had the highest yield. Irrigation could advanced harvest date and yield of late pruning plot, but no effect on early pruning plot. Heat preservation could increase temperature around tea bush, but temperature increment would be too high and resulted in the relative humidity too low (lower then 50% RH) in the noon, this environments retarded bud burst, growth and yield of tea bush. These disadvantage factors could be overcome by irrigation in the tunnel. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。