頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 落花生之播種密度與其開花結實及收量之關係=Suudies on the Spacing of Peanuts in Relation to Flowering, Fructification, and Yields |
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作 者 | 蘇匡基; 林瓊玖; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 35 民50.09 |
頁 次 | 頁30-42 |
關鍵詞 | 落花生; 播種密度; 開花結實; 收量; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本試驗以探究落花生之臨界栽植密度及其增收之原因,以期確定Spanish型品種之最適宜栽植密度為目的,自民國43年至民國47年間,用臺南白油豆1號舉辦落花生栽植密度試驗,調查栽植密度與生育,開花結實及收量之關係。茲將試驗及觀察結果摘錄如下: (一)落花生的密植栽培,其增收效果相當顯著。由疏植趨向密植,單株收量的減低率較小,單位面積的栽植株數之增加率高,而影響單位面積種實之收量較大。 (二)密植效果似由其開花結實之特異性而來。因密植栽培其開花及結實性之變異如下:1.總開花數會減少,但開花曲線之歪度偏左,?度愈尖,因此有效開花率增高。2. 總受精花率不會受密植的影響,似與氣候條件及品種之互相作用有一定之比率,但每穴播種粒數增加時總受精花數會增加。3. 成熟莢率會增高,在本試驗由10%增至15%。4. 開花盛期提早而其偏差愈小,因此每1莢果的成熟日數長,以致其剝實率由64%增至70%。5. 落花生之結莢大部分在主莖為中心半徑 5 cm以內之土中。 由以上現象可能推定落花生密植栽培時,其單株收量減低率緩慢,而由於增加單位面積栽植株數而增加收量。 (三)過度密植時易發生白絹病 Sclerotium rolfsii 之為害及無著莢之徒長軟弱植株,此兩者可能為密植栽培之限制因子。 (四)栽植樣式如單位面積栽植株數相同,而每穴播種粒數不同時,每穴播種粒數愈少,而行距及株距愈小時收量多。單位面積栽植株樹及每穴播種量同一而變動行距及株距時,均等配置比不均等配置收量高。 (五)在本試驗範圍內尚不能確定落花生之臨界栽植密度。 (六)過度密植時其?收量可能被其增加之播種量所抵消,加以中耕除草等田間管理之不便,Spanish型品種之栽植密度,擬以行距30~35cm,株距10cm,每穴播種精選種子1粒較為適宜。此種栽植密度在46年及47年之地方試驗結果平均超出在來栽植密度之收量13~20%,可以佐證。 |
英文摘要 | Spacing tests were designed to examine the critical spacing density and its reason of increasing yields for deciding the suitable spacing of Spanish peanuts. The experiments were conducted with the variety "Tainan No.1" during the period 1954~1958. Results were summarized as follows: 1. With the increase of spacing density, the increase rate of plants per unit area had more effect upon yields per hectare than the decreased rate of yields per plant. 2. The effects of close spancing may be due to the changes of flowering and fructification. The changes according to the increasing of spacing density are as follows: (1) Total flower number were decreased, the skewness of flowering curve was partial to the left, and the kurtosis of the curve became more sharp. The refore, the rate of functional flowers were increased on the plants of close spacing (Table 2 ). (2) The rate of total fertilized flowers were not affected, but when the plants per hill were increased, the total fertilized flowers were increased (Table 4). It seemed that there were some regular rates depended on the climatic condition and variety. (3) The rate of mature pods (Mature pods/pods and pegs) were increased by the close spacing. It was increased from 10% to 15% in the experiment. (Table 2c). (4) As increased the spacing density, the vigorous flowering stage become earlier, and its deviation was reduced. Therefore, the time for the development of kernel become long, and this fact resulted the increasing of shelling percentage (from 64% to 70%, Table 2c). (5) Most of the mature pods were produced on the modes within 5 cms. from the ground (Table 3). 3. Too close spacing induced the prevalent of southern root rot (Sclerotium rolfsii SACC.), and increased the weak plants without pod. These may be the limiting factors for the increasing yield by the close spacing. 4. When the number of plants per unit area were same, the fewer plants per hill and the narrower the spacing between rows and hills, the better yield were obtained. When the number of plants per unit area and the plants per hill were same, the equal spacing of rows and hills were better than unequal ones. 5. We could not find out the critical spacing density in the experiment. 6. When increase the spacing density, the increased amount of yield may be effaced by the increasing the amount of sowing seeds. In addition to that, the operation of cultivation or weeding becomes difficult in the fields of close spacing. Considering the above mentioned, the most suitable spacing of Spanish variety may be 10 cms. between hills in 30~35 cms. row and one plant per hill. This recommends spacing showed 13~20% higher yields than the local spacing in the 10 regional spacing tests (Table 6). |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。