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題 名 | A Study on "Between" and "Objects of Between" in Present-Day American English Written Discourse=美式英語書面篇章中介系詞Between及其受詞的探究 |
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作 者 | 詹餘靜; | 書刊名 | 嘉義師院學報 |
卷 期 | 13 1999.11[民88.11] |
頁 次 | 頁131-156 |
分類號 | 805.1664 |
關鍵詞 | 介系詞; 布朗語料庫; 書面言談; 篇章; Between; The Brown Corpus; Written discourse; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 介系詞between通常用來表示兩樣事物/兩個人之間的關係。朗文當代英文字典(1979)表示,between後必須接兩樣/個東西。韋氏新二十世紀字典(1982)及當前英語用法字典(1987)則強調between基本上只能用來指兩樣事物或兩個人,而且由連接詞and連接。但在一般使用中,between卻可用來表達二個以上間的關係。本文檢視現代美式英語書面篇章中between的用法,以了解目前的用法與幾本英文字典中有關between用法的敘述是否一致。藉助電腦輔助,搜尋含有一百萬字的當今美式英文書寫篇章(稱為布朗語料庫the Brown Corpus,分為十五類),共獲得262個含有between上下文的完整句子。研究發現,between不但可以指恰好兩樣事物之間的關係,而且可以指兩個以上人、事、物之間的關係。至於between後的受詞,可以由and或or連接,但卻表達不同的邏輯關係及意義。研究結果正如部分字典所言,當二個以上被連接及敘述之人、事、物間有清楚且明確的關係及位置時,between是表達這類關係的最佳介系詞。此外,語料顯示,如果兩個以上的人、事、物由between連接,且所欲呈現的是這幾個受詞彼此間個別的關係 那麼,雖然受詞的數目不只兩個,但適當的介詞是between,而非among。再者,如果要表達的是一連串受詞的整體效果或影響,那麼這種關係以“between A, B, and C”的句型來表達是可接受的。至於between後如果使用連接詞or,則其含意及邏輯性則與選擇概念有關;但是如欲表達彼此間之關係、分享、或共同等含意時,只能用and來連接。 本文另外探究between後所連接之人、事、物的格位關係。雖然“between you and I”一在口語中曾為大家所接受,尤其指兩者之間彼此信任程度很高時,這種表達方式也較普遍,可是在本書面語料中看到的只有between you and me之類的例子,也就是說,所有實例都顯示between後應接受詞,代名詞當然也不例外。本文的結果也顯示語言的使用常隨時間而改變,因此語料中呈現的語用事實與字典的描述有時不盡相同,語用的事實會使字典編輯者對某一用法加以修正及說明。不過我們認為這百萬字的語料仍然不足以代表所有語言真正使用的各種現象,因此期待有不同語料的類似研究以及對比分析,以便對between的使用更了解。 |
英文摘要 | This article examines the use of "between" with respect to the number of its object and the case of its object in present-day American English written discourse. The purpose of the study is to understand whether the actual use of "between" in our data corresponds to what is described in some famous dictionaries. Generally speaking. "between" is used to express the relationship of two things as shown in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English: The Up-To-Date Learning Dictionary (1979) which indicates that "between must be followed by two things". Besides, Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary (1982) and Word Perfect: A Dictionary of Current English Usage (1987) show that "between" is basically applied to only two things or persons, and should be linked by "and." However, "between" is sometimes in use when more than two things are involved. With the help of the Brown Corpus, a million-word collection of present-day American English written texts, we retrieve 262 sentences containing "between". Analyzing these examples and comparing the uses with what is described in l3 English-English or English-chinese dictionaries, we find that most of the uses of "between" correspond to what is described in these dictionaries, while some examples conflict with the general uses and the descriptions in these dictionaries. The following are three main results found in this study. First, "between" can properly describe a special relationship of more than two things when we speak of clear and exact position or when the relationship of more than two things is thought of as each individually with each of the others. What is more, when we take together the total effect of a series of things, then it is accepted to link these objects with "and" and to put them in the pattern "between" A, B, and C". Second, objects of "between" linked by "and" or "convey different meanings. The use of "or" should be related to the meaning of choice. Whenever the meaning is related to sharing and relationship, "and", but not "or" is the only choice. Third, although the expression "between you and I" has long been common in speech, particularly in the meaning "confidentially," the pronouns after "between" in our data are totally in the objective case, which is proved true especially in one of the examples a speaker tries to show his relationship with someone else as in "I told you there's nothing between Midge and me, nothing." |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。