頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 依滅草(Imazapyr)土壤殘效之季節性變化=Seasonal Variation of Imazapyr Residual Activity in Soil |
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作者 | 廖敬民; 王順成; 蔣慕琰; 蔣永正; Liao, C. M.; Wang, S. C.; Chiang, M. Y.; Chiang, Y. J.; |
期刊 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
出版日期 | 20071200 |
卷期 | 49:4 2007.12[民96.12] |
頁次 | 頁325-336 |
分類號 | 433.85 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 依滅草; 生物檢測; 土壤殘效; 藥害; 季節性變化; Imazapyr; Bioassay; Soil residual bioactivity; Phytotoxicity; Seasonal variation; |
中文摘要 | 依滅草為臺灣旱田常用之長殘效型除草劑,本研究主要探討依滅草於不同季節施用後,殘留在土壤中引起後作作物發生藥害之潛力,作為農田及水田中依滅草殘留及殘效檢測之參考。本試驗於田間分別噴施0.75 kg ha-1、1.5 kg ha-1及3.0 kg ha-1之依滅草後,並定期採集土壤,以高效能液相層析儀(High Performance Liquid Chromatography; HPLC)檢測不同季節施用之依滅草在土壤中之殘留量,同時以生物檢測法偵測殘留活性。結果顯示,土壤中依滅草殘留量隨施藥天數增加而減少,同一季節下依滅草3.0 kg ha-1之高劑量處理較1.5 kg ha-1低劑量之消退為快,低溫少雨之氣候環境亦會降低藥劑之消退速率。熱季中甘藍偵測藥劑殘留活性消退至50%之日數(DT50)隨施藥濃度提升而增長。三種作物對依滅草敏感度為甘藍>胡瓜>綠豆,冷熱季處理結果趨勢一致;其中以胡瓜對依滅草之劑量反應最為明顯。綜合生物檢測與HPLC檢測之結果熱季依滅草殘留量與作物胚根伸長抑制率皆低於冷季,隨著處理天數增加,依滅草殘留量減少消退之DT50亦明顯為短,胚根伸長恢復正常之日數亦較短。熱季高溫多雨季節下施用依滅草後之殘效檢測,以甘藍之胚根伸長反應為最適之評估指標,冷季低溫乾燥季節則以胡瓜為適當之測試作物。 |
英文摘要 | Imazapyr is a major herbicide used on upland fields in Taiwan. It shows strong herbicidal activity at a low application rate against a wide range of weeds. Inadequate use of imazapyr resulted in phytotoxicity to non-target plants due to its strong herbicideal activities on most species and relative longer residual activity. This research was conducted to investigate the bioactivity of imazapyr in soil and the phytotoxicity potential of this herbicide in soil leachates on non-target crops. In the field experiment, the soil was sprayed with 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 kg ha-1 imazapyr. The soil samples were collected after treatment periodically. Imazapyr residue in soil sample was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and bioassay method. The residue of imazapyr in soil decreased with time. The degradation rate of imazapyr in soil at 3.0 kg ha-1 was faster than that at 1.5 kg ha-1. The degradation rate of inazapyr in soil decreased in cold and less rainy season. The tendency of sensitivity of three tested crops to imazapyr residual effect in soil was almost the same in hot and cold seasons. The susceptibility of these crops to imazapyr residual effect in soil was in order of cabbage, cucumber and mungbean. In conclusion, imazapyr residue in soil in hot dissipated more than those in cold season by HPLC analysis and bioassay method. (season) Cabbage could be used as an indicator crop for detecting imazapyr residue in field under the rainy hot season, while cucumber was recommended as an indicator crop under dry cold season. |
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