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題名 | 論中國古典短篇愛情小說的演變=The Development of Chinese Classic Short Love Stories |
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作者 | 陳葆文; Chern, Bao-wen; |
期刊 | 淡江大學中文學報 |
出版日期 | 19990600 |
卷期 | 5 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁次 | 頁207-240 |
分類號 | 823.67 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 愛情小說; 短篇小說; 筆記; 傳奇; 話本; 言情; 主題形式; 意涵; Love stories; Short stories; Pi-chi; Ch'uan-ch'i; Hua-pen; Yen-ch'ing; Theme; Style; Ideology; |
中文摘要 | 本文旨在探討古典短篇愛情小說的演變軌跡,以作為探索「中國古典言情小說系統」的開端。 探析「短篇愛情小說」,應包括文本層面的「小說流變史」觀察、「主題」分析,及內在意涵上的剖析。故全文之切入角度,乃以時代演進為經,以小說形式變化為緯,參照剖析歷時性之各體短篇小說文本,一方面,考察「愛情」在情節結構中由「題材」到「主題」地位的發展過程;另一方面,以上述考察為基礎,進而探索如此演變的內在意涵;從而建構出「中國古典短篇愛情小說」的完整發展面貌。 本文認為,中國古典愛情小說由魏晉、唐、宋元、明、清,乃分屬「短篇愛情小說」的「萌發期」「發展期」「豐富期」「成熟期」與「變化期」。「愛情」在小說中形式地位的演變,乃是魏晉之但具「題材」作用,至唐傳奇之初步取得「主題」性的地位,經過宋元提供了小說觀念的進化,乃至促成了明代「擬話本中,「愛情」不但成為小說的單一主題、情節結構核心,使「短篇愛情小說」在形式方面終於具有完整之結構面貌。至於清代,由於短篇小說的形式發展已告完備,唯待在小說內容意涵上的變化。 小說內在意涵方面,魏晉筆記中「愛情」之於「志怪」的附庸地位,顯示了其時作者對愛情不經心或無奈的心態,甚至任之覆頂於命運之下。至唐則轉而重視、甚至願為生死以之;然對於愛情的爭取仍然消極,多須仰賴第三者的救援。在這些文言作品中,展現出對天命權威的絕對服從。在明話本中,愛情落實為生活中的實際情感,乃可以靠己力爭取而得;此則顯見對人性本位的績極肯定。明代對於「愛情」的闡發已發揮至極,因此清代《聊齋誌異》乃跳脫其普遍性與生活性,不但使兩性之間的感情形態由單一的愛情超脫成知己之情;更打破人與物的界限,使愛情的絕對性凌駕於一切之上。這種愛情觀,將明話本中所展現的生活原則提昇轉化成一種作者獨特的愛情至上主義,是提昇,也是窄化。 短篇愛情小說發展至清代《聊齋誌異》已進入尾聲,不論外在形式的完整或內在意涵的豐富性上,皆已達顛峰。因此,形式的擴展(由單回而章回)與「愛情」體質的轉變(如由「愛情」拓展為「世情」),乃成小說必然的發展趨勢。由晚明中篇章回的「才子佳人」小說、長篇章回的「世情」小說,至晚清長篇章回的「狹邪」小說,乃至民初的「鴛鴦蝴蝶派」等小說,都是在前述「短篇愛情小說」的基礎上建立變化起來的。而串聯上述的小說史發展脈絡,正足以建立起一個中國「言情小說」系統。對於此一「言情小說」系統的觀察,將是一項值的研究課題。 |
英文摘要 | This article is to discuss the development of the Chinese classic love stories, as a beginning of the "Chinese classic love stories system". In the development history of Chinese classic love stories, Wei-Jin is the 'burgeoning period', Tang the 'developing period', Song-Yuan the 'blooming period', Ming the 'maturing period', and Qing the 'varying period'. In this process, as far as form is concerned, 'love' at most is only a topic in Wei-Jin, and becomes a theme in Tang, and afterwards through Song-Yuan till Ming. it becomes the sole theme of the stories and its central structure. As to Qing, form has developed to its full, only content can add variation to. In Wei-Jin, love is a subsidiary role to Chih-Kuai, reflecting the author's trivial attitude towards it. whereas in Tang it receives more esteem, still passive in procuring it. In these works, love is subjected to heaven's will. In Ming's Huaben, love becomes something tangible and accessible, showing man's confidence in their natural vitality. Ming has see love developed to its height, so Liaozhai Zhiyi in Qing reaches for a unique love rather than a general one. Short love stories have seen its conclusion it Liaozhai Zhiyi, either in form or content. Therefore a widening in both ways is inevitable. From Caizi Jiaren in Late Ming, long Shinqing and Xiaxie in late Qing, and Yuanvan Hudie in early Ming-Guo, the development is build upon the basis of the previous short love stories. The observation of the system beginning from Wei-Jin till early Ming-Guo is a meaningful one. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。