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題 名 | 日據時代鹿港地區的教育活動=The History of Education in Lukang Township,1895-1945 |
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作 者 | 單文經; | 書刊名 | 教育研究集刊 |
卷 期 | 42 1999.01[民88.01] |
頁 次 | 頁17-49 |
分類號 | 520.9208 |
關鍵詞 | 日據時代鹿港教育; 臺灣地方教育史; 公學校; 小學校; 私塾; Local history of education; The history of education of Lukang Township from 1895-1945; Eiementary schools; Private schools; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 明治二十八年 (1895),根據馬關條約,清廷將台灣澎割讓予日本。日本旋以武力實行接收,建立以軍事警察為主的殖民統治,清朝的各項制度皆遭致改變,就教育設施而言,府縣儒學、書院、義塾等官辦學校全遭廢絕,日人於台灣總督府治下,以日本國內教育制度為準據,別創新教育制度,以遂行其殖民教育政策。本文即在敘述自明治二十八年至昭和二十年 (1945),五十年之間日據時代鹿港的教育狀況。全文共分五節,除前言與結論外,另分為三節敘述日據時代鹿港的公辦學校、民辦學校,與社會教育。 首言日據時代鹿港的公辦學校。本文依設立年代之先後,敘述鹿港日語傳習所、鹿港第一公學校、鹿港第二公學校、頂番婆公學校、草港公學校、海埔厝公學校、鹿港女子公學校、鹿港尋常小學校各校創校經過,乃至科班設置,歷任校長,畢業人數等事項。日據當局對台人與日人之教育,採差別待遇及隔離政策。準是,鹿港台人子弟須就讀公學校,而日人子弟則就讀小學校。小學校之辦理,悉依日本國內之規制,其師資、課程、教學、教材、設備及經費,甚至教師之待遇,皆比公學校為佳。昭和十六年 (1941),將小學校與公學校全部改為國民學校,維繫了形式上的平等,然而課程與教學仍然各有差異。 次論日據時代鹿港的民辦學校。民辦學校是指民眾出資辦理的學校。日據時代,鹿港民辦學校,可分為二類:一類為本地士紳向地方政府申請立案設置之書房,文開書房即是。另一類則為未立案者,有文人名士在自宅所設之書房,亦有富戶禮聘西席在家設立專館,教授子弟者;另亦有以詩文書畫見長,而設帳收徒,以延一線斯文者;本文以私塾統稱之。此二類皆係小學校及公學校以外,具有學校教育型態的教育機構。 本文最後敘述日據時代鹿港的社會教育。社會教育係有別於學校教育,而以一般社會大眾為對象之教育活動。本節所探討者有:由日據政府主導,配合日語及同化教育政策,而形成之各種民軍教育團體;供民眾閱覽書籍報刊之圖書館;供民眾娛樂休閒的場所及活動;以及其他具有文化啟蒙作用的詩社、文化協會、報刊雜誌等。 總結而言,日據時代鹿港的教育,主要係以遂行日本殖民政府的統治目的為依歸,透過公辦學校及民軍教育活動達成其日語與同化教育的政策:惟鹿港地區,人文薈萃、學風鼎盛,仍多方以私塾、書房、詩社等民間教育活動,延續漢學之傳習,以維繫漢文化之企圖,亦始終未曾稍減,此乃日據時代鹿港教育之特色,而值得一書者。 |
英文摘要 | Lukang Township is located in Chang-hwa County. It is believed that Lukang Township is one of the oldest townships reclaimed by Han Chinese in Taiwan. This paper aims to analyze the development of education in Lukang Township from 1895 to 1945 during the Japanese occupancy of Taiwan. This paper is divided into three parts. First, it describes Lukang's public elementary schools, in which six schools were established for Taiwanese students, and one for Japanese students. Second, it explicates Lukang's private schools, in which "Wen-kai Hsu-fang" was accredited by local authorities, and quite a few "Hsu-fangs" were not. Third, it discusses Lukang's schools for adults and continuing education, in which several kinds of schools as well as the library were initiated by township government, but theaters, newspapers, journals, poetry societies, and cultural seminars were not. In conclusion, the paper points out that Lukangites had done much to retain the Han Chinese culture before the 1945 retrocession of Taiwan. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。