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題 名 | 土壤粘土礦物晶格構造在固定性銨釋放上的影響= Effects of Lattice Structure of Soil Clay Minerals on Release of Fixed Ammonium |
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作 者 | 陳鴻基; 莊作權; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 185 1999.03[民88.03] |
頁 次 | 頁1-21 |
分類號 | 434.227 |
關鍵詞 | 土壤; 粘土礦物; 晶格構造; 固定性銨; 氮素肥料; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 氮素能以固定態銨離子的方式儲存在土壤中,以供作物生長時持續性地吸收與利 用。同時,鞍固定可減少因硝酸根、亞硝酸根的過多累積所造成的土壤環境污染及地下水的 毒性問題。在整個土壤氮循環圈中銨離子的固定與釋放可說是扮演一個重要的關鍵角色。 為了克服利用抽取液探討固定性銨釋放上的困難,期望能有更簡便快速且又能明確代表 固定性銨釋放量的方法,以伏安儀還原電流技術探討固定性銨的釋出與層面電荷非均勻性的 關係,並利用 X - 射線繞射技術鑑定土壤粘粒中礦物晶性的變化。 試驗結果証實固定性銨 的釋出與前面利用 FTIR 技術所測得的釋放潛勢相符合。 此可由崁子頭系、五魁寮係 (13) 與善化系土壤粘粒處於四面體層電荷所固定的銨離子量是試驗土系中較高者,其在 FTIR 圖 譜中波數在 3450 cm �螺B的吸收帶隨溫度升高而強度減弱上的改變也較明顯, 其層面電荷 的非均勻性較大,這些土系土壤粘粒中固定性銨所釋出的銨量是所有土系中較高者。得知固 定性銨的釋放並非取決於總固定性銨量的多寡,固定性銨的釋放量與四面體層電荷所固定銨 量之相關性較為明顯。大部份試驗土壤粘粒中固定性銨的釋放量有隨四面體層電荷所固定銨 量在加入固定性銨量上的此率之增加而增大。所有試驗土壤粘粒中所含主要粘土礦物種類的 晶性並未因還原電流處理而使晶體破壞或晶性發生改變,固定性銨離子的釋出確由固定在膨 脹性粘土礦物層間的銨離子所釋出。 |
英文摘要 | Nitrogen can be reserved for sustaining uptake and use of crop as fixed ammonium, and ammonium fixation can reduced the pollution of soil and toxic problem of ground water due to the accumulation of NO ��, No ��. Fixation and release of ammonium play an important role in whole nitrogen cycle. In order to overcome the difficulty of studying ammonium release by using salt's extraction, and expect to obtain simple and rapid method which can determine amounts of ammonium release. To study the relationships between release of fixed ammonium and heterogeneous layer charge with the technique of voltammetry's reductive current, and to identify crystal character of minerals in soil clay with the technique of X-ray diffraction. Experimental results verified that release of fixed ammonium agreed with the potential of release was determined by FTIR technique. It could be known by amounts of fixed ammonium derived from tetrahedral layer charge were higher and decreasing variation of band at 3450 cm �� with the increase of temperature was remarkable and the heterogeneity of layer charge was larger and released amounts of fixed ammonium were higher for Kantsetou series, Wukueiliao �C series, and Shanhua series. Released amounts of fixed ammonium did not increase with total amounts of fixed ammonium increased, and the relationships was significant between released amounts of fixed ammonium and ammonium fixed by tetrahedral layer charge. Released amounts of fixed ammonium in most experimental soil clay increased with the ratio of ammonium fixed by tetrahedral layer charge/added fixed ammonium increased. Crytal character of main clay minerals in all experimental soil clay didn't change due to the treatment of reductive current, and release of fixed ammonium really come from release of interlayer's ammonium in swelling clay minerals. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。