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題 名 | 訊息不足對決策行為之影響--賽局、訊息與交易成本三理論之觀點=The Impacts from Insufficient Information on Decision-Maker's Behavior--Perspectives from Theories of Game, Information and Transaction Cost |
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作 者 | 梁文貴; | 書刊名 | 大同學報 |
卷 期 | 28 1998.11[民87.11] |
頁 次 | 頁45-54+442 |
分類號 | 494.542 |
關鍵詞 | 訊息不足; 決策行為; 賽局理論; 訊息理論; 交易成本理論; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 訊息(資訊)係決策之基礎,但決策者因受限於有界理性(bounded rationality),以致其決策結果充其量僅是最適解而非最佳解。為確保資訊取得之量與品質,企業之組織結構設計需以最低資訊成本,但能達到一最佳的協調水準為原則。就訊息不足對決策之影響,係反映在,交易事前之逆選擇(adverse selection)與事後之道德風險(moral hazard)。從賽局、訊息與交易成本理論比較,其影響層面之差異的關鍵,在於:對人類理性之假設;賽局理論假定為完全理性,而訊息與交易成本理論均假定為有界理性。雖決策行為結果可能為均衡或最適解,但相同的是:隨著決策者間互動頻率增加,私有訊息(private information)逐漸轉為共有知識(common knowledge),使得互惠雙贏之境界成為可能。就前述三理論之異同點,文末以合資為例,探索此三種觀點整合之可行性;並提出資訊與資訊科技於無國界競爭下所代表之意涵。 |
英文摘要 | Information is the foundation for decision-making, but constrained by bounded rationality of the decision-maker causes the decision made to be at best the optimal rather than the best solution. The principle for organizational structure design is to ensure both the quantity and the quality of information to gain optimal coordination level at the least information cost. Impacts from insufficient information on any transaction are two folds: the ex-ante adverse selection and the ex-post moral hazard. The reason of the differences among impacts from game, information and transaction cost theory lies in varied assumptions on human-beings' rationality. While hyper rationality of the decision-maker is assumed in game theory, bounded rationality is for both information and transaction cost theory. Although, the observed outcomes from these three approaches might be an equilibrium or optimal solution. The same point is the win-win situation could be attained among transactors, once private information revealed as common knowledge after increasing interactions. Using joint venture as an example, the author explores if three perspectives could be integrated into a generalized framework. Finally, implications from information and information technology under the borderless competition are derived. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。