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題 名 | 臺灣森林土壤中鐵氧化物與鋁層間蛭石之生成機制=Formation of Iron Oxide and Hydroxy-Interlayered Vermiculite in Forest Soils of Taiwan |
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作 者 | 蔣先覺; 杜清澤; 洪崑煌; 王明光; | 書刊名 | 土壤與環境 |
卷 期 | 1:1 1998.03[民87.03] |
頁 次 | 頁19-30 |
分類號 | 436.193 |
關鍵詞 | 纖鐵礦; 針鐵礦; 氫氧化鋁層間蛭石; B含薄膠化育層; Soil lepidocrocite; Goethite; Hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite; HIV; B placic horizons; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文就臺灣五個森林土壤體,探討其氧化鐵 (Fe oxides) 與粘土之組成,及氧化 鐵分布相對於土壤深度。自 E 化育層到 B 層,結晶性氧化鐵含量劇增。由示差性 X- 射線 繞射儀 (differential X-ray diffraction, DXRD) 所鑑定 B (含薄膠層 placic )化育 層之帶磁性粘粒部份含有纖鐵礦 (lepidocrocite),針鐵礦 (goethite) 及蛭石。此等土體 在 X- 射線繞射圖並未顯現赤鐵礦 (hematite) 之存在。 氫氧化鋁層間蛭石 (hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, HIV) 也可藉助鉀飽和粘粒加熱至 350 ℃而鑑定之 。X- 射線繞射 (X-ray diffraction, XRD) 之粘粒層間距離為 1.42 nm,加熱至 350 ℃則 收縮至 1.0 nm;鎂飽和甘油蒸氣處理後,則其 1.42 nm 之繞射峰更為增強。纖鐵礦、針鐵 礦及氫氧化鋁層間蛭石在森林土壤之 B 化育層 (B horizons) 中含量相當佔優勢。 鐵、鋁 及粘粒聚積於森林土壤之底土層 (subsoil),乃由於酸性,排水不良,濕潤與溫和的土壤環 境所促成。 此等土壤樣體以酸性草酸銨法所萃取而獲致之資料, 顯示鐵, 鋁由淋洗 (leached) 而聚積於 B 層。 充份的有機碳含量促進鋁之移動 (transport),亦即螫合作用 (chelation) 所促成。 有機酸對纖鐵礦、針鐵礦及氫氧化鋁層間蛭石在 B 化育層生成大有 助益。 |
英文摘要 | Five pedons from forest soils of Taiwan were examined for Fe oxides, clay minerals and Fe oxides distribution as a function of soil depth. The crystalline Fe oxides sharply increased from the E to B horizons. Only lepidocrocite and goethite were identified by differential X-ray diffraction (DXRD) analysis in magnetic clay fractions of the B (or placic) horizons. There were no substantial hematite peaks appearing in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of any pedons. Hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) was also characterized by the K-saturated clay which was heated from 25 ℃ to 350 ℃. The XRD d-spacing of the 1.4nm peak collapsed to 1.0nm. Lepidocrocite, goethite and HIV were dominant in the B horizons (below E) of forest soils under acidic conditions, poorly drained soil environments, in udic and mesic soil climates. Acid ammonium oxalate extractable data in these pedons indicate accumulation of leached Al and Fe in the B horizons. Abundant organic C may contribute to Al transport i.e., chelation. Organic acids were conducive to the in-situ formation of lepidocrocite association with goethite and HIV in the B horizons of forest soils. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。