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題 名 | 生活情境中的數學與學校的數學學習=Mathematics in Daily Life Contexts and Mathematics Learning in School |
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作 者 | 黃家鳴; | 書刊名 | 基礎教育學報 |
卷 期 | 7:1 民86.冬 |
頁 次 | 頁161-167 |
分類號 | 310.3 |
關鍵詞 | 數學; 認知; 數學學習; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 課室當中學到的知識,能夠運用來解決生活中碰到的現實處境問題,似乎是當前不少人對學校教育的一項要求,又或者是作為衡量課程內容取捨的一項準則。誠然,這項要求有其合理性,尤其在指標。數學是中小學的主要科目之一,數學的學習自然也難以脫離實用的考慮,但這個問題對於數學科來說,尤其在涉及如何教學方面,並非初看那麼簡單,絕不能等同於實用與非實用之間的選擇。就目前的數學課程而言,日常生活中所需要的一般數學知識,諸如購物時的計算、度量衡概念及單位等,在小學階段已經學得差不多,中學的數學課程離開日常生活的應用問題亦較遠。(有笑話說一個年年賺錢的商人只要懂加數便很足夠了!)但無論怎麼,當前的數學教學正受著前述的時代要求, 無可避免地要做到結合生活現實處境的需要來進行教學。就以「目標為本課程」所提的課程架構來說,學習活動乃是通過一系列的學習課業進行。而學習課業基本上是情境化的學習活動設計,這些情境可以是模擬的、真實的,又或者是想像的,而做課業時由目的和情境會弔發出思考和實踐過程,從而反映學習者運用知識的情況。這個趨勢除了是順應時代對知識的實用性要求外,其實還有至少兩方面的原因,第一是關乎學生的興趣和學習動機。普及教育推行以來,學校傳統的學術科目教授方式再不能配合當前大部分學生。 |
英文摘要 | For pedagogical and pragmatic reasons, there is currently a popular tendency to demand relevance of school mathematics learning to daily life applications When this were taken to the extreme, there would be a danger of simplistically equating school mathematics learning to acquiring methods to solve mathematical problems in daily life contexts. While practical problems are by and large solved with given contextual cues, constraints and compromise, mathematics, as a theoretical discipline, has a different focus than solving problems immediately at hand. It is in the first place a theoretical pursuit, an abstract study of quantitative and spatial relationships. Exactly because of this consideration of real-world problems at a higher abstract level, mathematics thereby gains its wider utility. Furthermore, recent research in educational psychology has shown that students come to solve equivalent mathematical problems in practical situations and in mathematics classrooms differently in tems of understanding as well as the choice of strategies. It seems that students tend to treat school mathematics problems as intrinsically hypothetical or artificial. The current local curriculum innovation, the Target-Oriented Curriculum )TOC), in advocating indiscriminate use of contextual mathematical tasks for mathematics learning, may have overlooked the special nature of mathematics and therefore the necessary distinction between mathematics as a theoretical discipline and mathematics aws used in practical situations. This article argues that the issue of using problems in daily life contexts in teaching mathematics has to be considered not only in the light of motivational and pragmatic issues, but should also be examined in terms of the nature of mathematics itself and the desirable level of abstract thought towards which students are to be cultivated. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。