頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 清代湖南市鎮的發展與變遷=The Development and Transformation of Hunan Market Towns in the Ch'ing Dynasty |
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作者 | 巫仁恕; | 書刊名 | 漢學研究 |
卷期 | 15:2=30 1997.12[民86.12] |
頁次 | 頁73-107 |
分類號 | 672.603 |
關鍵詞 | 清代湖南; 市鎮; 專業市鎮; 商品經濟; Ch'ing dynasty hunan; Market towns; Specialized towns; Commercial economy; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 由清代湖南市鎮的例子,反映了由傳統到近代這段過渡期間,中國經濟的韌性。 傳統的經濟力量促使了市鎮勃興,而西方經濟力的入侵,並未打倒市鎮經濟,反而使之轉 型。明清之際因為兵燹與天災,湖南市鎮數目大量減少;到乾隆年間因經濟恢復與湘米長程 貿易的頻繁,使米糧專業市鎮特別興盛;乾隆後期米糧長程貿易漸衰,部份米市轉型為棉業 市鎮或經濟作物專業市鎮。道咸間雖因列強經濟侵略與太平天國之亂,市鎮數目略降,然而 因為茶葉的外銷使茶葉市鎮異軍突起。另外,在湖南許多市鎮已脫離定期市的規模,為農村 生產服務的專業市鎮也出現了,且有超層級的市場,收購的產品也是為遠方市場,並吸引外 省遠來的商人,這些都體現了中國傳統內陸市鎮的活力。 |
英文摘要 | The development of market towns in Hunan Province reflected the strength of the commercial economy during the Ming and Ch'ing periods. Through analyzing shifts in the economic function of these market towns during their historical development, I hope to explain their role inthe transition from a traditional economy to a modern commercial economy. During the late Ming and early Ching, the economic function ofHunan market towns was reduced to that of a barter economy. In the 18th century, however, Huna rice production and its long-distance rice trade reached a peak, and market towns in Hunan entered a period ofrapid growth and prosperity. After the mid-19th century, while rice production and its long-distance trade entered a period of decline, rapid development in the cultivation and trade of important cash crops such ascotton and tea in the Dongting Lake area and Xiang River valley gaverise to a group of specialized towns. At the same time, the growth of handicraft manufacturing also led to the creation of specialized towns. With these developments, the frequency of market days increased. During the Ch'ing period, a number of Hunan market towns reached populations of over ten thousand and developed sophisticated street systems. Under the stimulus of the treaty ports and modern transportation, the market town system gradually developed links to overseas ports, and their products were often sold to other provinces and foreign countries. Traditionally, local governments interfered minimally with market town trade. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。