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題名 | 有機磷殺蟲劑陶斯松在土壤中之消失=Dissipation of Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos in Soils |
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作者 | 顏瑞泓; 羅復興; 王一雄; | 書刊名 | 中國農業化學會誌 |
卷期 | 35:3 1997.06[民86.06] |
頁次 | 頁310-318 |
分類號 | 433.85 |
關鍵詞 | 陶斯松; 土壤; 消失; 促進性分解; Chlorpyrifos; Soils; Dissipation; Enhanced degradation; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究以三種不同性質土壤,在不同溫度下探討殺蟲劑陶斯松在殺菌及不殺菌狀 況下之殘留及發生促進性分解作用 (enhanced degradation) 的情況。結果顯示,在不殺菌 處理下陶斯松隨溫度升高而加速其分解消失,其在 25 ℃及 35 ℃時半生期在平鎮 (PC) 系 土壤中由 28 天降至 2 天; 在鹿港 (LK) 系土壤中由 15 天降至 3 天: 在太康 (TK) 系土 壤中則由 12 天降至 7 天。 殺菌處理結果,在 25 ℃培育下陶斯松在平鎮、鹿港及太康系 土壤中之半生期分別為 25、46 及 25 天,與不殺菌處理結果比較顯示,陶斯松在鹿港及太 康系土壤中之分解受生物性作用影響, 而在平鎮系土壤中主要受非生物性作用所影響。 在 25 ℃下、殺菌處理且在密閉系統中試驗之結果, 陶斯松的半生期在平鎮、鹿港及太康系土 中分別為 110、45 及 54 天, 顯示陶斯松在平鎮系土中的主要消失途徑為揮發因子及氧化 作用之影響,在鹿港系土壤中的消失則以生物性分解作用為主,而在太康系土壤中則同時受 兩者所影響。此外,陶斯松在三種土壤中進行促進性分解作用試驗時發現,陶斯松之施用並 不會誘發促進性分解作用,而且施用藥劑間隔時間的長短,也沒有影響到陶斯松在土壤中的 消失速率。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the persistence and enhanced degradation of organophosphorus insecticide chlorphyrifos under both autoclaved and unautoclaved conditions of soil samples at different temperatures. The dissipation rate of the chlorpyrifos increased from 25 to 35 ℃ in the unautoclaved soils. With an increase of the incubation temperature from 25 to 35 ℃, the half-lives decreased from 28 to 2 days, 15 to 3 days and 12 to 7 days for Pin-Chen (PC), Lu-Kung (LK) and Tai-Kang (TK) soils, respectively. The half-lives were 25, 46 and 25 days in the PC, LK and TK soils, respectively, at 25 ℃ in the autoclaved soils. These results imply that the dissipation of chlorphyrifos was affected by biological degradation in the LK and TK soils, but not in the PC soil. When the soils were autoclaved in closed conditions, the half-lives of the chlorpyrifos were 110, 45 and 54 days, respectively, at 25 ℃. The results showed that volatilization and oxidation may have been the major pathways of chlorpyrifos dissipation in the PC soil, that microbial degradation may have been the major pathway in the LK soil. and that both action occurred in the TK soil. Furthermore, no enhanced degradation of chlorpyrifos was observed in these soils. |
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