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題 名 | 豬、雞排泄物堆肥施用於土壤中有機質及磷的礦化=Carbon and Phosphorus Mineralization of Composted Pig and Chicken Manures in Soil |
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作 者 | 林晉卿; 洪崑煌; 洪嘉謨; 陳碧慧; | 書刊名 | 畜產研究 |
卷 期 | 29:2 1996.06[民85.06] |
頁 次 | 頁169-185 |
分類號 | 434.231 |
關鍵詞 | 畜禽糞堆肥; 礦化速率; 一階模式; 零階反應; Livestock compost; Mineralization rate; First-order model; Zero-order reaction; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 畜禽糞堆肥施用於土壤後有機碳及磷素礦化速率的預估,在農業應用上相當的重要,我們可以藉此估算堆肥對有機質及磷素養分的供應能力,而在今日著重環保的前題下,亦可藉此推斷大量施用禽畜糞堆肥時,磷酸根離子造成地下水源污染的可能性。然欲得到有機質及磷素的礦化速率模式及速率參數,須由培養實驗而得,因此我們以腐熟之不同比例雞糞、豬糞堆肥(0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4%),加入臺南系砂頁岩老沖積土中,置於二種溫(20, 30℃)、三種土壤水分(水分張力分別為-0、0.3、1 bar)下好氣培養、觀察土壤中有機質及有效磷濃度的變化情形。實驗結果發現土壤水分對有機質及有效磷濃度均有顯著的影響,溫度則僅對有機質有顯著影響;施用堆肥量愈高,土壤中有機質及有效磷濃度愈高。添加兩種堆肥之土壤,有機質的分解速率先快後慢,而施用堆肥量愈高,培養期間土壤有機質分解的比率愈高,可知添加兩種堆肥土壤,有機質的分解速率與最初添加的堆肥量有關。施用雞糞堆肥之土壤有效磷的濃度為施用同量豬糞堆肥的兩倍以上,可見雞糞堆肥含的磷與豬糞堆肥含的磷相比,有較高的有效性。本實驗以並行一階模式可以很好的模擬畜禽糞堆肥施入受試土壤後,整個培養期間有機碳的礦化速率反應;而畜禽糞堆肥施入土壤後,以零階反應可模擬十一週內磷的礦化反應速率。 |
英文摘要 | Mineralization rates of composted pig and chicken manures (abbreviated as CPM and CCM, respectively) under different incubation conditions may be used to estimate organic matter and phosphate supply in the field condition. They are also important in avoiding the possible ground water contamination by phosphate, under present stringent environmental protection requirements. The precise mineralization model and rate parameters must be determined in the laboratory incubation experiment. In this study, CPM and CCM were added to an old sandstone and shale alluvial soil (Tainan Series) at five levels (0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4%). Soil samples thus treated were maintained at three levels of moisture tension (0, 0.3, 1 bar) and incubated at two levels of temperature (20 and 30℃) under an aerobic condition. The amounts of organic matter and available phosphorus were determined at different incubation intervals. The results indicated that organic matter and available phosphorus contents in soil samples changed significantly with soil moisture level, and the organic matter content was also significantly influenced by temperature. The higher the application rates of the manure, the higher the organic matter and the available phosphorus contents in the soil. The decomposition rates of both manures added to the soil were rapid at the beginning and slow at the later period of incubation. In a fixed incubation period, the higher the application rate, the higher the decomposition of added manure. Under the same application rate, samples applied with CCM maintained higher levels of available P than those applied with CPM, and CCM released more than twic as much available P to the soil as CPM. The decomposition rates of both manures applied to the soil could be described fairly well by the combination of two first order reactions during 17-week incubation period, while the phosphorus mineralization rate of both manures could only be described by a zero order reaction during 11-week incubation period. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。