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題名 | 美國八0年代「低賤階級(Underclass)」問題的再思考=Rethinking the 1980's Debates on Underclass in the U.S. |
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作者 | 王篤強; Wang, Duu-chiang; |
期刊 | 經社法制論叢 |
出版日期 | 19980100 |
卷期 | 21 1998.01[民87.01] |
頁次 | 頁445-469 |
分類號 | 546.1952 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 美國; 低賤階級; Underclass; |
中文摘要 | 本文目的希望藉由美國八○年代「低賤階級(underclass)」的爭議著手 再次思考其「強制工作(workfare )」解方形成的理念因素。在文中、作者從反 省低賤階級備受批評之處,指出一般公眾所具有的「工作」與「自立」價值,以 及「願意行善,但不願花費過多」的內在心理過程。綜合這些因素,再加上當代 社群主義思潮的混和主導之下,「強制工作」成為美國八○年代乃至九○年代初 期,面對低賤階級道德問題時,保守派與自由派的共同解方。然而,這種宣稱要 治療褔利依賴、促使個人負責、自助、自立、乃至改善社會失序、增進整合的解 方,經作者深入檢視之後,顯示出是項政策將難以達致其所宣稱的目標。因此, 在最後提出國人面對此一議題時,宜針對低賤階級概念、強制工作政策帶來之非 預期性結果等項,多所深思,作為結論。 |
英文摘要 | An analysis of the debates on the "underclass" in US in the 1980s, this paper re-examines the ideological factors that have shaped the formation of workfare policy. It argues that the critical reactions to the "underclass" may be attributed to "work ethic". the cultural value of "self reliance", as well as the popular inclination of doing oggd without too much cost. It is thses factors in the context of the then current Communitarian thought that account for the development of workfare policy, advocated by both the Liberals and the Conservatives, as a solution to the moral issue of the underclass in the 1980s and early 1990s. Such a policy purportedly would avoid welfare dependency, encourage individual sense of responsibility and self reliance, improve social order, and promote social integration. The paper, however, questions its adequacy for the policy goals and concludes with an emphasis that, given the ideological nature of the issue, the concept of underclass and the unintended conswquences of workfare policy must be examined with care if and when we are confronted with similar problems. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。