頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 比較滴水與紋溝灌溉方法對高粱需水量試驗的影響 |
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作者 | 施嘉昌; 張本初; | 書刊名 | 國立臺灣大學農學院研究報告 |
卷期 | 35:1 1995.03[民84.03] |
頁次 | 頁1-14 |
分類號 | 434.157 |
關鍵詞 | 紋溝灌溉; 滴水灌溉; 高粱; 灌溉期距; 滲透計; 遮雨棚滲透計; Penman潛在蒸發散模式; 作物係數; Corrugated irrigation; Trickle irrigation; Sorghum; Irrigation scheduling; Lysimeter; Rainshelter lysimeter; Penman potential evapotranspiration model; Crop coefficient; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文探討使用紋溝灌溉和滴水灌溉兩種施灌方法,對高梁蒸發散量作物 係數和穀粒產量的影響。每種方法各有5種處理,其中紋灌區的灌溉期距以植物 生育階段為原則建立,而滴灌區則以氣候狀況決定作物可能需水量。試驗期間從 1989到1992,分別在田間,露天滲透計及遮雨棚滲透計三地同時試驗。由滲透計 水分平衡結果得到作物蒸發散量,作物係數則是由作物蒸發散量與Penman潛在蒸 發散量之比得到。文中比較在使用不同灌溉方法下,施灌水量和頻率對土壤含水 量的變化,以及作物係數,累積作物蒸發散量,和產量的不同。最後並探討不同 的施灌方法對產量與蒸發散量關係之影響。結果顯示灌溉方式的不同對作物係 數,累積蒸發散量和產量都有明顯地影響,由於使用滴水灌溉方式避免深層滲漏 和土壤蒸發損失,因此可以提高施灌效率,並且提高產量。由產量與蒸發散量的 關係表示,使用滴權所得到的平均高梁穀粒產量較使用紋灌者高出7.5,且供水 量節省2~5,然而在經濟效益的評估上,滴權系統所需要的成本卻是主要的考慮 因素。春作高梁全期作最大穀粒產量約在7000~8000kg/ha之間,而總需水量約為 200~300mm左右。 |
英文摘要 | In this paper, using corrugated and trickle irrigation methodeffects on the evapotranspiration crop coefficient and grain yield ofspring sowing sorghum are discussed. Each irrigation method hadfive treatments. The irrigation scheduling of corrugated irrigationmethod was established on crop growth stage and of trickleirrigation method was on climatic condition to determine the possiblewater demand of crop. Experiments have been done in three sitessuch as common field, drainage lysimeter, and rainshelter lysimetersince 1989 to 1992. Crop evapotranspiration are obtained by measuring water balance results. Crop coefficients can be obtained by theratio of evapotranspiration and Penman potential evapotranspirationmodel results. Under different irrigation method, the relations ofirrigated water plus frequency and soil water content change as wellas the variance of crop coefficient, cumulative crop evapotranspiration, and grain yield were discussed. Finally, both thecorrelations of yield and evapotranspiration under corrugated andtrickle method were reported. Because of least runoff and deepseepage water loss, trickle irrigation may raise irrigation appliedefficiency. The correlations of yield and evapotranspiration showsthat the sorghum average grain yield increased about 7.5 whenused trickle method, and saved water amount 2~5. In evaluatingthe economic profit, the cost of material of trickle system will be themajor considering factor. The grain yield of spring sorghum is about7000~8000 kg/ha, and the evapotranspiration required 200~300 mm. |
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