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題名 | 美國聯邦國家中央與地方之關係= |
---|---|
作者 | 陳德新; |
期刊 | 經社法制論叢 |
出版日期 | 19950100 |
卷期 | 15 1995.01[民84.01] |
頁次 | 頁271-296 |
分類號 | 574.52 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 美國; 聯邦國家; 中央; 地方; |
中文摘要 | 美國是首先施行現代式聯邦制國家,其制度能為世所讚,實有其制度上之特徵與理由。美園用此級度,從不偏重發展中央之權力,使之壓制各州,亦不過份發展各州之權,使之壓制中央,兩者相持而成,遂使中央之於各州,皆能獲得適度均衡發展,亦足見此新體制確較以往任何制度,更能兼顧舉國一致與因地制宜之雙重利益。 本文係從美國聯邦中央與地方關係為主,分別討論:一、美國聯邦制度之特色。二、中央聯邦與地方州權限劃分之方式,包括聯邦政府之專屬權限、各州政府之權限、聯邦與州共同之權限以及禁止聯邦、州政府行使之權力。三、中央聯邦政府之事權之說明。四、州政府事權之說明,其中涵括州政府對於聯邦政府之事權要州間之相互關係、州政府立法權、司法權、行政權,以及州政府與所屬地方自治團體之關係。五、地方財政與聯邦補助級度,聯邦補助金制度曾係美國聯邦用以擴展權力之方式之一,不但造成聯邦政府財政很大負擔,而且也滋生地方政府對該制度價值之爭議,一九八一年之後,雷根政府改變策略採行專業補助金制度,儘量讓州政府自行負責解決其本身問題,而不必依賴中央。六、對地方之監督,分別就聯邦政府對各州政?之監督,及各州政府對州內縣市監督,說明其運作與實施之情形。 |
英文摘要 | The united Stated is the first nation which adopte modern federal system in the would. The system could have been highly appreciated because of its systematical specifications and grounds. The United States neither give more weight on the development of the federal power, nor emphasires on the development of the state power to frustrate one or the other under the operation of Federalism in order to achieve a balanced development in the federal and states. It is also noticed that the new federal system did take care more duple interest between the local and national affairs than any other political system. This paper discuases the following subjects under the theme of intergovernmental relations between the federal and states in the United States: 1. The special features of the federal and states system in the United States. 2. The separation of power between federal and state authority including the power delegated to the federal government, the power of the state government, the concurring power of the federal and state government, and the power which can not be used by the federal and state governments. 3. The details of the power of the federal government. 4. The detaile of the power of the state government including the state government's claim to the federal government, the interstate relation, the legislative, judicial and executive power of the state government, as well as the relation between the state government and local autonomy. 5. The federal subsidy system and state finance. The federal subsidy system was one of the means of expanding federal power, thus not only put great burden on the federal budget, but also raised the controversies over the value of adopting the system. After the year of 1981, the policy of Reagan administration has shifted to Block Grants system in order to put the hand off the issues of local government instead of depending on the federal government in the greatest extend. 6. As to the supervision of local government, this paper review the practice and system about the federal government's supervision over the state government as wall as the state government's supervision over the county and city government within the territory of the state respectively. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。