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題名 | The Hard Earned Aloha: The Chinese in Hawaii in the Late Nineteenth Century=得來不易的歡迎:十九世記末葉在夏威夷之華僑 |
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作者 | 古鴻廷; |
期刊 | 東海學報 |
出版日期 | 19950700 |
卷期 | 36:1(文學院) 民84.07 |
頁次 | 頁39-55 |
分類號 | 577.7252 |
語文 | eng |
關鍵詞 | 夏威夷; 華僑; |
中文摘要 | 華僑移居夏威夷已有二百年以上的歷史, 但大批華僑前往夏威夷卻為十九世紀中 葉以後的事,許多研究華僑史之學者,在比較華僑在各居留地所受到之待遇後,認為移居夏 威夷之華僑是屬於幸運的一群,而今日在夏威夷之華人,也常沾沾自喜,流行著一句「到夏 威夷真是幸運」的口頭禪。事實上,前往夏威夷之華僑,在十九世紀末葉,曾遭到相當激烈 的排華活動,但由於當時移居夏威夷之華僑,抱持著一種強烈定居當地的意念,並在一群有 識之士領導下,團結一致,努力爭取華僑在當地之種種合法權利,並一再反制排華運動,遂 能克服種種困難定居夏威夷。本文旨在探討當年在夏威夷之華僑的種種活動,以期說明今日 夏威夷華僑所享有之「幸運地位」,乃是先人所努力奮鬥的結果,而非僅僅運氣而已。 |
英文摘要 | The arrival of the Chinese in Hawaii can be traced back two hundred years ago. Nonetheless, few Chinese went to Hawaii in the eighteen the century. During the early 1800's, the sandalewood trade between Hawaii islands and China reached its peak. Many Chinese were attracted to Hawaii to garner the fragrant wood to fashion furniture. The Chinese then called Hawaii "Tan Hsiang Shan," meaning "Sandalwood Mountains." From 1852 to 1898, more than 46,000 Chinese arrived, many of whom were contract labourers. They were brought to Hawaii to work in the sugar cane or pineapple plantations. Once the contracts expired, many ambitious Chinese chose to stay in Hawaii. They opened tailor shops, shoe repair stores, bakeries, laundries and restaurants. Some become rice farmers while others become fishmen. The anti-Chinese agitations in the 1880's and the American Annexation of 1898 all posed grave treats to the rights and benefits of the Chinese in Hawaii a lucky ones. "Lucky come Hawaii" is a prevalent slang phrase among Chinese descendants in Honolulu. It is the intention of this paper to inquire into various activities of the Chinese community during the late nineteenth century in Hawaii to show that the rights and privileges of Hawaiian Chinese were hard-earned instead of a free gift from the local society. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。