頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 水田滲漏量之研究 |
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作者 | 陳焜耀; 甘俊二; | 書刊名 | 國立臺灣大學農學院研究報告 |
卷期 | 32:3 1992.09[民81.09] |
頁次 | 頁194-225 |
分類號 | 434.287 |
關鍵詞 | 水田; 滲漏量; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 灌溉之目的在因天然供應不足時,以人為方式補充作物生長所需之水 量,本省的農作物,以水稻及旱作二類為主。就旱作而言,其灌溉需水量乃根據 蒸發散量(Evapotranspiration)和土壤水分消耗量(Consumptive Use)二者而決定之。 水田,除蒸發散量外尚須考慮田間滲漏量(Percolation),此二者之和稱為減水深, 蒸發散量與滲漏量相比,遠小於甚多。因此,水田溝溉首先須確定減水深之大小, 而減水深之確定,應以滲漏量之研究為重點。 田間滲漏量可分為垂直滲漏及水平滲漏二方面,過去本省的水田以續灌田為多, 耕作方式採牛耕所作之淺耕為主,且農地未經重劃,故滲漏量之估算,僅僅考慮 垂直滲漏:今日農田之耕作多採機耕方式,且大部分農地經重劃後,均設有排水 溝。因此除垂直滲漏外,水平滲漏之考慮亦屬必要。 為使水田均平必須實施整地作業,根據過去長期經驗顯示,整地用水量多達 150~200mm,為水田灌溉絕對必要之用水量,然由於整地後往往在田間形成硬盤 (Hard Pan),而影響滲透水量;又台灣之現況,多為水田與旱作輪流耕作之田區, 對於整地用水量亦有重大之影響。這些現象都必須根據土壤之物理特性加以探 討,以求得適當之用水量。 綜合上述,本研究將針對減水深及整地用水量二者在理論上之依據,加以闡明, 同時建立一套合理之估算法則,以作為將來水田灌溉應用上之依據。期對本省 水田灌溉獲致一完善的理論基礎,並建立一套完整的灌溉制度。 |
英文摘要 | The percolation can be divided into vertical and horizontalpercolations. For the past time, most of paddy fields are continueouslyirrigated fields in the provinces. The shallow-plow with cattle is themajor plow pattern and farm lands have not been consolidated, so onlyvertical percolation is considered in estimating field percolation.Nowdays most of farm lands are plowed by using machine and farmlands have been consolidated to equip with drainage conduits.Therefore, horizontal percolation must be considered also. In order to have uniform and flat water-land, land preparationworks must be performed. Based on the past long-term experiences, itindicates that water for land preparation is about 150-200mm. Thisquantity is the absolutely necessary consumption for paddy fieldirrigation. Due to the formation of hard pan after land preparation,the permeable water quantity is affected. In addition, the paddy andupland fields are plowed in turn in Taiwan. These factors infuencewater of land preparation importently. These phenomena must bestudies based on the physical characteristics of soil for obtaining theproper quantity. In short, this research will specify the theoretical basis of consumewater depth and water of land preparation, and develop a reasonableestimate rule for the future application of paddy field irrigation. It isexpected to obtain a good theoretical basis for provincial paddy fieldirrigation and developed a complete irrigation criteria. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。