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題名 | 琉球島弧北端櫻島火山岩之地球化學研究=Geochemical Study of Volcanic Rocks from Sakurajima, Northern Ryukyu Arc |
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作者 | 鍾文淨; 陳中華; 陳汝勤; Chung, W. C.; Chen, C. H.; Chen, J. C.; |
期刊 | 臺灣海洋學刊 |
出版日期 | 20021200 |
卷期 | 40:2 2002.12[民91.12] |
頁次 | 頁121-145 |
分類號 | 358.3 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 地球化學; 櫻島火山岩; 琉球弧; Geochemistry; Sakurajima volcanic rocks; Ryukyu arc; |
中文摘要 | 櫻島是琉球島弧北端的現生火山,位在日本九州島南部的鹿兒島灣之內,目前的岩漿活動是沿續過去始良火山臼南緣之破裂面進行。櫻島火山岩成分主要是安山岩和石英安山岩,為13000年前至今的產物;始良火山臼周圍之火山岩組成包含了玄武岩、安山岩和流紋岩,其生成年代早於櫻島火山岩。 從岩象觀察結果顯示櫻島火山岩的斑晶礦物為斜長石、普通輝石、紫蘇輝石及磁鐵礦,石基礦物排列呈現流紋狀構造。由主要元素和微量元素對二氧化矽的作圖顯示本區安山岩可能是玄武岩漿經過結晶分化而形成。透過Stormer和Nicholls所發展的結晶分化程式計算,得到結晶分化的礦物包含斜長石、普通輝石、紫蘇輝石和磁鐵礦。櫻島火山岩的Nd-Sr同位素值介於臺灣北部安山岩和龜山島安山岩之間,接近未分化的地函值,143Nd/144Nd由0.512638變至0.512480(Nd=0~3.1), 而87Sr/86Sr由0.705001變至0.705676(Sr-+4.3~13.8)。Sr同位素比值和二氧化矽呈正變相關,顯然岩漿在演化的過程中除了礦物的結晶分析外,還沒到大陸地殼物質的混染作用。因此,地殼物質的混染和礦物的結晶分化作用(AFC)可能是影響本區地球化學性質變化的主要機制。 |
英文摘要 | Sakurajima, an active volcano of the northern Ryukyu arc is located at the southern tip of Kyushu. The present volcanic activity occurs along the fractures of the southern Aira caldera. The volcanic rock found at Sakurajima include andesities and dacites which are the products since 13000 years ago to present. The volcanic rocks surrounding the Aira caldera include basalt, andesite and rhyolite which erupted earlier than the volcanic rocks of Sakurajima. Petrographic observation indicates that the phenocysts contain plagioclase, augite, hypersthene and magnetite while the oriented groundmass minerals formed flow texture. Based on major and trace elements vs. SiO2 plots, it is suggested that the andesites may be derived from basaltic magma through fractional crystallization(FC). Using the FC formale designed by Stormer and Nicholls we found that the fractionated minerals are plagioclase, augite, hypersthene and magnetite. The Nd-Sr isotopic values of Sakurajinma volcanic rocks fall between andesites from northern Taiwan and Kueishantao andesites with 143Nd/144Nd ratios varying from 0.512638 to 0.512480(Nd=0~3.1) and 87Sr/86Sr from 0.705001 to 0.705676(Sr=+4.3~+13.8). Sr isotopic data show positive correlation with SiO2contents indicating that besides fractional crystallization, crustal contamination also occurred during magma evolution. We suggest that assimilation fractional crystallization(AFC) is the most important factor controlling the geochemical characteristics in the volcanic rocks. |
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