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| 題 名 | 不同期作環境秧苗苗齡對稻株生育影響之研究(2):苗齡對穗形成與發育學上影響的探討 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 蔡養正; 賴光隆; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
| 卷 期 | 138 1987.06[民76.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁63-86 |
| 分類號 | 434.111 |
| 關鍵詞 | 生育; 苗齡; 秧苗; 發育; 稻株; 環境; 穗; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 經利用秈型稻臺中在來1號與稉型稻臺中65號等二種類型水稻為供試材料,將不同苗齡秧苗於一、二期作環境下栽培,以究明不同苗齡秧苗插植對穗形成與發育學上的影響,該等結果可提供為穗研究上若干具體的智見及本省品種選育、水稻移植機栽培法改善上的主要參考與依據。茲將所獲結果摘要如下: 1. 插植秧苗苗齡愈小,幼穗分化過程有愈遲的趨勢,易導致生育期的延長,故水稻穗肥的施用適期宜配合機插秧苗苗齡的大小予以適當調整。 2. 詳細解明不同苗齡秧苗於期作環境不同插植後,可能出現的穗位分布與百分比;以小苗齡秧苗插植後二次、三次穗或較低穗位數的明顯增加,而導致有效穗數顯著較多的趨勢。 3. 不同發育階段穎花數的變遷追蹤觀察,苗齡愈小者每穗總穎花數、1次枝梗或2次枝梗等穎花數有明顯較多的趨勢,且每穗分化及發育的穎花數的順位為主稈穗>1次穗>2次穗>3次穗,品種、期作或苗齡間均有相同趨勢。 4. 每穗分化的總穎花數,一期作明顯較二期作多,品種、苗齡間趨勢一致;品種間比較,於小苗齡場合,秈型臺中在來1號明顯較稉型臺中65號為多;又平均每穗退化穎花百分比,苗齡愈大者有愈高的趨勢,惟二期作臺中在來1號則以苗齡較小者明顯較高,該現象與其穗形成較遲及該類型品種對栽培環境反應有極密切關係,栽培上至值留意。 5. 苗齡愈小者,其稔實率開始增加的時期雖較遲,但最後的稔實率却反而有較高的趨勢,據此獲知,該種小苗齡秧苗素值可能較具生產潛力。 6. 綜合前報及本試驗結果,於本省二期作栽培上,利用苗齡較小的秧苗進行移植,對本田稻株分蘖與穗的形成與發育均較具優勢,因之,該種素質較佳的小苗齡秧苗對稻株生育具有正面的影響效果,惟因秧苗苗齡較小,可誘致幼穗分化過程及抽穗的延遲,而導致穎花退化百分比的提高,故對品種的選育及栽培措施的配合至為重要。 |
| 英文摘要 | To understand effects of seedling age on the growth and development of rice plants, previous report had shown those effects were significant (Tsai and Lai, 1986). This experiment was continued to elucidate effects of seedling age on panicle formation and development by using seedling with different age. Results were summarized as follows: 1. The young seedling may delay panicle formation. This tendency is consistent in different crop seasons and cultivars. Therefore, the optimum period that ear dressing was applied should depend upon the seedling age. 2. Rice seedlings with defferent age were transplanted in the first and second crop seasons, all loci and emergent percentage of panicles were shown in this paper. The younger seedling was used, the more panicle was developed. There was a clcse correlation with increasing number of panicles on the lower locus or higher order. This tendency is more significant in the second crop season. 3. During formation and development of panicle, total spikelets per panicle of young seedling was more than that of old one. The order of total spikelets per panicle was main stem panicle>primary panicle>secondary panicle>tertiary panicle. 4. The number of spikelets was close correlation with the differentiated and developmental spikelets. In other words, the percentage of degenerated spikelets on secondary branches was significantly higher than that on primary branches. So, how to secure the differentiated spikelets was important for increasing the yield. The Differentiated spikelets per panicle in the first crop was more than that in the second crop. It was easy to get more spikelets with the younger seedling of Taichung Native 1. In general, the percentage of degenerated spikelets per panicle in the old seedling was significantly higher than that in the young seedling. But this tendency was contrary on Taichung Native 1 in the second crop. It has a close correlation with delay of panicle formation and response to environment. This should be considered in cultivation. 5. The increasing rate of fertilized percentage on the young seedling was slower in the early stage of panicle development. But it was higher in the stage of harvest. So young seedling may have the high yield potentiality. 6. From results of this experiment and previous report, it is suggested that young seedlings with good quality have advantage on the formation of tillers and panicles in rice plants. But they may delay the formation of panicle and lead to the high level of degenerated spikelets in the second crop. So selection for cultivar and adaptation to cultivated environment are important in crop production. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。