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題名 | 在水稻與玉米輪作中施用不同有機質材對土壤二氧化碳釋放與土壤肥力之影響=Effect of Application of Organic Materials on CO[feaf]Evolution and Soil Fertility under Rice-Corn Rotation |
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作者 | 莊作權; 李英明; 陳鴻基; Juang, Tzo-chuan; Li, Ying-ming; Chen, Horng-ji; |
期刊 | 中華生質能源學會會誌 |
出版日期 | 19971200 |
卷期 | 16:3/4 民86.12 |
頁次 | 頁81-91 |
分類號 | 434.227 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 二氧化碳釋放; 土壤肥力; 有機質材; 輪作; Carbon dioxide evolution; Soil fertility; Organic material; Rotation; |
中文摘要 | 臺灣由於處在高溫多雨的環境,土壤有機質分解迅速。然而土壤有機質在整個碳素循環過程中扮演一個重要角色,因此探討CO�砟巫雂さ嚝蒤蚢A業生態影響之際,探討碳素在土壤中的消長平衡變化及其與作物養分間的關係至為重要。臺灣省農業試驗所之試驗田屬砂頁岩非石灰性新沖積土,七塊厝系 (TCt),經豆科綠肥 (田菁、埃及三葉草)、廢棄物堆肥 (豬糞堆肥)、不易分解之有機質 (泥炭) 及傳統化肥處理,進行水旱田輪作。土壤有機碳含量在作物生長期間以泥炭處理最高,且變化甚小。各堆肥加氮肥及堆肥處理次之,略呈下降趨勢,而化肥及對照處理最低,隨時間而下降較多。土壤CO�紕孺騄t率以綠肥處理最大,堆肥處理次之。土壤表土有機碳在種植前為 9.8g/kg,施有機質肥料可以提高土壤表土有機碳含量,泥炭處理提高至15.3g/kg,堆肥處理提高至11.2 g/kg。堆肥處理則磷含量逐漸提高。化肥及綠肥處理則pH值有下降之趨勢。土壤銨態氮以水稻植前至幼穗期較高,硝酸態氮則以85年秋作玉米各時期達最高,此與土壤有效性氮之情形相似。但處理間僅在85年秋作玉米各時期略有差異,尤以化肥處理顯著增高,其他時間處理間均無差異。土壤有效性磷在玉米收穫期最高,水稻收穫時最低,各處理差異小。土壤交換性鉀在玉米各時期及水稻種植前變化最大而含量較高。交換性鈣僅在85年秋作玉米各時期泥炭處理與其他處理有顯著差異,交換性鎂則各時期保持不變,且含量低。 |
英文摘要 | Soil organic matter decomposed rapidly because of the high temperature and rainy environment in Taiwan. Soil organic matter plays an important role in C cycle. It is important to understand the effect of CO �� variation on the whole agricultura ecology and to study the relationship between the C balance and crop nutrients in soil. Field experiment was conducted at the experiment farm of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute. The soil of experiment field belongs to noncalcarious recent sandstoneshale alluvial soil and soil series TCt. Seven treatments including legume green manures (Sesbania and Egyptian clover), hog manure compost, peat and conventional chemical fertilizers under rice and corn rotation were designed. The CO�� releasing rate from different treatments in the soil and the soil nutrients were determined during the experimental period. The effects of application of different organic materials on CO�� evolution and changes of soil fertility were studied. Applying peat and compost increased the organic carbon content of surface soil from 9.8 g/kg (before planting) to 15.3 g/kg (peat) and 11.2g/kg (compost), respectively, which also affected the changes of CO�� release. The CO�� releasing rate from the green manure treatment highest among all these treatments; the compost treatments the next. The pH decreased in the chemical fertilizer treatment and green manure treatment decreased. The pH decreased in the chemical fertilizer treatment and green manure treatment decreased. The changes of soil available N found higher in corn growing period of 1996, which had similar pattern with soil NO�v-N content. The P content increased in the compost treatments. Soil exchangeable K found highest in corn growing period and before rice planting period. |
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