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| 題 名 | 明代馴象衛建置辨析=An Analysis of the Establishment of the Elephant Training Garrison during the Ming Dynasty |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 黃粲茗; | 書刊名 | 明代研究 |
| 卷 期 | 42 2024.06[民113.06] |
| 頁 次 | 頁79-131 |
| 分類號 | 573.41 |
| 關鍵詞 | 明朝; 馴象衛; 象; 左江流域; Ming Dynasty; Elephant Training Garrison; Elephants; Zuojiang River basin; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| DOI | 10.53106/160759942024060042003 |
| 中文摘要 | 洪武㈩㈨年,馴象衛在廣西㊧江流域的思明府設立,是㆗央政府干預 ㆞方㆟象衝突的具體措施。㈩萬大山的象害是促使馴象衛設立的直接 動因,而非旨在防禦安南、壓制㊧江㈯司。元明之際㊧江流域的秩序 動蕩,導致了㈩萬大山森林面積的縮小以及僮㆟屯戍移民的湧入,是 ㆟象衝突逐漸激化的重要因素。從馴象衛職能來看,其㈸役性質㈩分 顯著,馴象衛軍士群體的來源反映了明太祖模仿先王「徙㆝㆘奸猾吏 民於邊」的政治觀念,亦是其「律外用刑」的具體實踐,與「免死發 廣西拏象」這㆒酷刑存在密切關聯。馴象衛於洪武㆓㈩㆒年遷治於橫 州,是兼顧廣西政治㆞理、㉂然㆞理、防務重心等多種因素影響㆘的 調整。馴象衛在遷治橫州後,便擺脫了捕象的職能。在此期間,馴象 衛的鎮戍職能相對其他衛所而言仍然較弱,主要是從事於屯種。隨後, 受永宣之際征討安南戰役的影響,原廣西都司衛所的精銳軍士大多陷 沒於安南之役,馴象衛軍士才開始承擔鎮戍任務。馴象衛的設立、遷 移、職能轉變,反映了明朝早期廣西邊疆㆞區政治空間、生態環境、 鎮戍形式的變遷過程。 |
| 英文摘要 | In the nineteenth year of the Hongwu reign, the Elephant Training Garrison was established in Siming Fu(思明府) in the Zuojiang(左江) River Basin of Guangxi. This measure was specifically intended to enable the central government to intervene in local conflicts between humans and elephants. Damage caused by elephantsin the Shiwan Dashan Mountains(十萬大山)was the direct reason for the establishment of the Elephant Training Garrison, rather than a defence of Annam or the suppression of the Zuojiang River chieftains. Disorder in the Zuojiang River Basin during the Yuan and Ming dynasties led to a reduction of the forest area of the Shiwan Dashan Mountains and an influx of Zhuang(僮) garrison immigrants, which was an important factor in the gradual intensification of human-elephant conflict. Judging by the duties the elephant training guards performed, their primary function is quite obvious. The origin of the Elephant Training Garrison’s soldiers reflects Ming Taizu’s political ideal of imitating past monarchs by forcibly relocating corrupt officials and troublesome civilians to border areas. This practice was an "extra-legal punishment," which was closely related to the torture of "exempting the death penalty and sending them to Guangxi to capture wild elephants." In the twenty-first year of the Hongwu reign, the Elephant Training Garrison was relocated to Hengzhou. This adjustment took into account various factors such as Guangxi's political geography, natural geography, and strategic importance. After relocating to Hengzhou, the Elephant Training Garrison lost its elephant catching function. During this period, the Elephant Training Garrison’s role as an actual garrison was still relatively unimportant compared to other garrison stations; it was still mainly engaged in farming. However, the Elephant Training Garrison eventually took on a defensive role after the conquest of Annam during the Yongle and Xuande periods, when most of the elite soldiers stationed in Guangxi were captured. The establishment, relocation, and functional transformation of the Elephant Training Garrison reflects changes in the political space, ecological environment, and military situation in the early Ming Dynasty's Guangxi border areas. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。