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題名 | 臺灣與鄰近島嶼瓊崖海棠族群遺傳變異與親緣關係之研究=Population Genetic Variations of Calophyllum inophyllum in Taiwan and on Nearby Islands |
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作者 | 鄧書麟; 傅昭憲; 張坤城; 楊倩如; 黃瓊逸; Deng, Shu-lin; Fu, Chao-hsien; Chang, Kun-cheng; Yang, Chien-ju; Huang, Chiung-yi; |
期刊 | 臺灣林業科學 |
出版日期 | 20170600 |
卷期 | 32:2 2017.06[民106.06] |
頁次 | 頁145-157 |
分類號 | 373.21 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 瓊崖海棠; 族群遺傳變異; 遺傳歧異度; 基因流; Calophyllum inophyllum L.; Population genetic variation; Genetic diversity; Gene flow; |
中文摘要 | 瓊崖海棠(Calophyllum inophyllum L.)為藤黃科(Clusiaceae)瓊崖海棠樹屬(Calophyllum)植物,廣泛分布於東南亞、印度、琉球、澳洲與太平洋諸島;台灣係位於本種之邊際分布區域,產於恆春半島與蘭嶼等地區。瓊崖海棠為海岸防風樹種之一,種子榨油可為化妝品及藥用,更可研發成生質能源,經濟及國土保安價值高。本研究以取自台灣、蘭嶼、東沙群島與日本琉球群島等共4個地區,8個族群,計79個瓊崖海棠樣株,應用簡單序列重覆分子指紋技術(inter-simple sequence repeat, ISSR),來探討台灣與鄰近島嶼瓊崖海棠族群之遺傳結構及各族群間的親緣關係,共使用14個引子,獲得159個多型性條帶。POPGENE分析結果總基因歧異度(H)為0.2021,族群間之遺傳分化係數(Gst)為0.6385,基因流(Nm)為0.2832。由族群分子變方分析(analysis of molecular variance, AMOVA)結果,島嶼間之變方成分為47.87% (p < 0.001),島嶼內族群間之變方成分為14.53% (p < 0.001),族群內個體間之變方成分為37.60% (p < 0.001),顯示在不同島嶼與族群間已有分化趨勢。依歸群及主座標分析結果可區分為4大群,台灣、蘭嶼、東沙群島與日本琉球群島的族群均各自集成群。透過Mantel test結果顯示,族群間地理距離與遺傳距離並不顯著(r = 0.78,p = 0.99),各族群呈隨機散佈,遺傳漂變在族群分化上扮演重要角色。綜言之,瓊崖海棠族群間基因流並不暢通,不同族群間已呈分化現象,且依歸群分析所得各族群之群聚現象,亦佐證不同島嶼間已有顯著分化,推測應受島嶼隔離之影響,導致基因流受阻並產生遺傳漂變所致。此外,瓊崖海棠族群總體的基因歧異度相較於其他濱海植物相對較低,因此建議除應採取就地保育之措施來保存現有瓊崖海棠族群外,更需進行遷地保育來保護。 |
英文摘要 | Calophyllum inophyllum L. belongs to the genus Calophyllum (Clusiaceae) which is widely distributed in Southeast Asia, India, Okinawa (Japan), Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Taiwan is located at the edge of the species' distribution area, and the species is mainly distributed on the Hengchun Peninsula and Lanyu. C. inophyllum is one of the coastal windbreak trees, and is seed oil can be extracted and used for cosmetics and medicinal purposes and also developed into biomass energy; so, it possesses high value for landscping and economics. In this study, genetic variations and the population genetic structure of 79 individuals sampled from 8 populations in Taiwan, Lanyu, the Pratas Island, and Okinawa (Japan), were examined using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. For a total, 14 primers were used and 159 polymorphic sites were detected. A POPGENE analysis revealed that the total gene diversity (H) was 0.2021, the genetic differentiation index (Gst) was 0.6385, and the gene flow index (Nm) was 0.2832. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the variance component between population regions was 47.87% (p < 0.001), that of populations within regions was 14.53% (p < 0.001), and the among individuals within populations was 37.60 (p < 0.001). The results indicated significant genetic differentiation among islands and among population within island. In addition, the Mantel test showed that there was no significant relation between the genetic distance and geographic distance (r = 0.78, p = 0.99), pointing to a random distribution among populations. In conclusion, the gene flow among populations was relatively restricted, and populations on different islands showed significant genetic differentiation. Based on results of the UPGMA cluster analysis, the clustering of populations proved significant genetic differentiation among islands. It wasspeculated that geographic segmentation may be a significant factor in the genetic differentiation among the 4 regions. In addition, the genetic diversity of C. inophyllum is relatively low compared to those of other coastal plants. Based on the above findings, both in-situ and ex-situ conservation approaches are necessary for this species. |
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