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題名 | 水瓶側孔的壓力與射程的迷思=Myth of the Pressure and Range of Jets from Side Wall of Water Can |
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作者 | 黃明輝; Huang, Ming-huey; |
期刊 | 物理教育學刊 |
出版日期 | 20120700 |
卷期 | 13:1 2012.07[民101.07] |
頁次 | 頁33-40 |
分類號 | 332.6 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 白努利定律; 達文西; 托里切利定律; 水壓; 射程; Bernoulli equation; Leonardo da Vinci; Torricelli law; Water pressure; Range; |
中文摘要 | 國民中學的自然與生活科技的物理部分會介紹水的壓力。為了觀察水壓與 距離水面高度的關係,教科書中常用一個側面開小孔的水瓶作實驗。觀察水柱噴 出的速度或距離,學生可以直覺地歸納出水壓與深度的關係。但是常見的錯誤是 忽略了落地的時間!某些教科書就誤導成射程遠代表水壓大。國民中學的教科書 從民國92 年九年一貫的課程推出以來,就出現此項迷思。此迷思在西方也出現 過,甚至可追溯至15 世紀的達文西。後人以訛傳訛,流傳至今。本文首先檢視此 迷思在現行教科書與其歷史的背景,然後指出迷思的錯誤與正確解法,最後說明 兩種替代方法,使教師可以使用此簡便的水瓶實驗,正確地講解與示範水壓力與 射程的關係。 |
英文摘要 | Water pressure is a part of course “Natural Science and Technology” in grade 8 in Taiwan. To observe the dependence on height of water pressure, a simple experiment using a bottle of water with holes on the side-wall were used in many textbooks. By watching the speed and range of water-jet, student can infer the relation of water pressure and depth intuitively. However, a common mistake is neglecting the effect of falling time. Some textbooks misinterpreted as “the longer the range, the higher the pressure”. Such myths started when Taiwan educational system convert to 9 years consecutive curriculum in 2003. This myth also appears in Western world and it even can be traced back to Leonardo da Vinci in the 15th century. Mistakes were passing down for many generations, up to current time. This article reviews this misleading experiment in the current textbooks and its historical background, and then points out the mistakes and provides correct answers. Finally, two alternative solutions are suggested, so the teachers can use this simple experiment to demonstrate proper relation of water pressure and range. |
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